PMID- 18985626
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090625
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1099-1492 (Electronic)
IS  - 0952-3480 (Print)
IS  - 0952-3480 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 4
DP  - 2009 May
TI  - Cardiac effects of MDMA on the metabolic profile determined with 1H-magnetic 
      resonance spectroscopy in the rat.
PG  - 419-25
LID - 10.1002/nbm.1352 [doi]
AB  - Despite the potential for deleterious (even fatal) effects on cardiac physiology, 
      3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) abuse abounds driven mainly by 
      its euphoric effects. Acute exposure to MDMA has profound cardiovascular effects 
      on blood pressure and heart rate in humans and animals. To determine the effects 
      of MDMA on cardiac metabolites in rats, MDMA (0, 5, or 10 mg/kg) was injected 
      every 2 h for a total of four injections; animals were sacrificed 2 h after the 
      last injection (8 h drug exposure), and their hearts removed and tissue samples 
      from left ventricular wall dissected. High resolution magic angle spinning proton 
      magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) at 11.7 T, a specialized version of 
      MRS aptly suited for analysis of semi-solid materials such as intact tissue 
      samples, was used to measure the cardiac metabolomic profile, including alanine, 
      lactate, succinate, creatine, and carnitine, in heart tissue from rats treated 
      with MDMA. MDMA effects on MR-visible choline, glutamate, glutamine, and taurine 
      were also determined. Body temperature was measured following each MDMA 
      administration and serotonin and norepinephrine (NE) levels were measured by high 
      pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in heart tissue from treated animals. MDMA 
      significantly and dose-dependently increased body temperature, a hallmark of 
      amphetamines. Serotonin, but not NE, levels were significantly and 
      dose-dependently decreased by MDMA in the heart wall. MDMA significantly altered 
      the MR-visible profile with an increase in carnitine and no change in other key 
      compounds involved in cardiomyocyte energy metabolomics. Finally, choline levels 
      were significantly decreased by MDMA in heart. The results are consistent with 
      the notion that MDMA has significant effects on cardiovascular serotonergic tone 
      and disrupts the metabolic homeostasis of energy regulation in cardiac tissue, 
      potentially increasing utilization of fatty acid metabolism. The contributions of 
      serotonergic signaling on MDMA-induced changes in cardiac metabolism remain to be 
      determined.
FAU - Perrine, Shane A
AU  - Perrine SA
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Research and Imaging 
      Neuroscience Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 
      48201, USA. sperrine@med.wayne.edu
FAU - Michaels, Mark S
AU  - Michaels MS
FAU - Ghoddoussi, Farhad
AU  - Ghoddoussi F
FAU - Hyde, Elisabeth M
AU  - Hyde EM
FAU - Tancer, Manuel E
AU  - Tancer ME
FAU - Galloway, Matthew P
AU  - Galloway MP
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 DA016736/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - K01 DA024760-03/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - 1K01DA024760/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01DA016736/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - K01 DA024760/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PL  - England
TA  - NMR Biomed
JT  - NMR in biomedicine
JID - 8915233
RN  - 0 (Protons)
RN  - 333DO1RDJY (Serotonin)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
RN  - N91BDP6H0X (Choline)
RN  - X4W3ENH1CV (Norepinephrine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Body Temperature/drug effects
MH  - Choline/metabolism
MH  - Heart/*drug effects
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
MH  - Male
MH  - Metabolome/*drug effects
MH  - Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*pharmacology
MH  - Norepinephrine/metabolism
MH  - Organ Specificity/drug effects
MH  - Protons
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Serotonin/metabolism
PMC - PMC2882794
MID - NIHMS209497
EDAT- 2008/11/06 09:00
MHDA- 2009/06/26 09:00
PMCR- 2010/06/09
CRDT- 2008/11/06 09:00
PHST- 2008/11/06 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/06/26 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/11/06 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/06/09 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1002/nbm.1352 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - NMR Biomed. 2009 May;22(4):419-25. doi: 10.1002/nbm.1352.