PMID- 18992791
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090415
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 0306-4522 (Print)
IS  - 0306-4522 (Linking)
VI  - 158
IP  - 2
DP  - 2009 Jan 23
TI  - Corticotropin releasing factor influences aggression and monoamines: modulation 
      of attacks and retreats.
PG  - 412-25
LID - 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.10.014 [doi]
AB  - Salmonids establish social hierarchies as a result of aggressive social 
      interactions. The establishment of dominant or subordinate status is strongly 
      linked to neuroendocrine responses mediated through the stress axis. In this 
      study, we tested the effects of introcerebroventricular (icv) corticotropin 
      releasing factor (CRF) on the behavioral outcome, plasma cortisol and monoamine 
      function in trout subjected to a socially aggressive encounter. Rainbow trout 
      were treated with an icv injection of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF), 500 
      or 2000 ng ovine CRF, or not injected. Fish were allowed to interact with a 
      similarly sized conspecific for 15 min. Following the behavioral interaction, 
      plasma cortisol and central monoamine concentrations were analyzed. Trout treated 
      with CRF were victorious in approximately 66% of the aggressive encounters 
      against aCSF-treated opponents. Trout injected with CRF exhibited a reduction in 
      the total number of attacks and decreased latency to attack. When trout were 
      divided into winners and losers, only victorious CRF-treated fish exhibited a 
      reduced latency to attack and fewer retreats. Social stress increased cortisol 
      levels in both winners and losers of aggressive interaction. This effect was 
      enhanced with the additional stress incurred from icv injection of aCSF. However, 
      icv CRF in addition to social stress decreased plasma cortisol in both winners 
      and losers. While aggression stimulated significant changes in serotonergic and 
      dopaminergic activity, the magnitude and direction were dependent on limbic brain 
      region, CRF dose, and outcome of social aggression. With broad effects on 
      aggressive behavior, anxiety, stress responsiveness, and central monoaminergic 
      activity, CRF plays an important role in modulating the behavioral components of 
      social interaction.
FAU - Carpenter, R E
AU  - Carpenter RE
AD  - Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark Street, 
      Vermillion, SD 57069-2390, USA.
FAU - Korzan, W J
AU  - Korzan WJ
FAU - Bockholt, C
AU  - Bockholt C
FAU - Watt, M J
AU  - Watt MJ
FAU - Forster, G L
AU  - Forster GL
FAU - Renner, K J
AU  - Renner KJ
FAU - Summers, C H
AU  - Summers CH
LA  - eng
GR  - P20 RR015567/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P20 RR015567-087017/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P20 RR15567/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20081017
PL  - United States
TA  - Neuroscience
JT  - Neuroscience
JID - 7605074
RN  - 0 (Biogenic Monoamines)
RN  - 9015-71-8 (Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone)
RN  - WI4X0X7BPJ (Hydrocortisone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aggression/*drug effects
MH  - Analysis of Variance
MH  - Animals
MH  - Behavior, Animal/*drug effects
MH  - Biogenic Monoamines/*metabolism
MH  - Brain/anatomy & histology/metabolism
MH  - Brain Chemistry/drug effects
MH  - Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism/*pharmacology
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Escape Reaction/*drug effects
MH  - Hierarchy, Social
MH  - Hydrocortisone/blood
MH  - Injections, Intraventricular/methods
MH  - Interpersonal Relations
MH  - Oncorhynchus mykiss
MH  - Reaction Time/drug effects
PMC - PMC2653453
MID - NIHMS94266
EDAT- 2008/11/11 09:00
MHDA- 2009/04/16 09:00
PMCR- 2010/01/23
CRDT- 2008/11/11 09:00
PHST- 2008/07/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2008/10/09 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2008/10/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2008/11/11 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/04/16 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/11/11 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/01/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0306-4522(08)01536-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.10.014 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuroscience. 2009 Jan 23;158(2):412-25. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.10.014. 
      Epub 2008 Oct 17.