PMID- 19012970
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090402
LR  - 20230508
IS  - 0165-5728 (Print)
IS  - 0165-5728 (Linking)
VI  - 206
IP  - 1-2
DP  - 2009 Jan 3
TI  - Dopamine, vesicular transporters and dopamine receptor expression and 
      localization in rat thymus and spleen.
PG  - 5-13
LID - 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.09.018 [doi]
AB  - The localization of dopamine stores and the expression and localization of 
      vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) type-1 and 2 and of dopamine D1-like and 
      D2-like receptor subtypes were investigated in rat thymus and spleen by 
      immunohistochemical, immunochemical techniques and by RT-PCR. In the thymus 
      dopamine immunoreactivity was developed in the cortico-medullary junction and in 
      the medulla, but not in the thymic cortex. In the spleen, dopamine stores were 
      found in reticular structures in the white pulp border and in the white pulp, but 
      not in the red one. Both thymus and spleen expressed VMAT-1 and VMAT-2 
      immunoreactivity as well as dopamine D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5 receptor 
      immunoreactivity. Immunohistochemistry revealed VMAT-1, VMAT-2 and dopamine D1, 
      D2, D3, D4 and D5 receptor immunoreactivity primarily in the thymic 
      cortical-medulla transitional zone and to a lesser extent in the medulla but not 
      in the cortex. In the spleen, VMAT-1, VMAT-2 and dopamine D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5 
      receptor immunoreactivity was located primarily in the white pulp border and to a 
      lesser extent in the white pulp. These findings indicate that both thymus and 
      spleen express a dopaminergic system characterized by the presence of dopamine, 
      vesicular monoamine transporters and the five subtypes of dopamine receptors. The 
      presence of these dopaminergic markers suggests that dopamine likely originating 
      from immune cells and/or from sympathetic neuroeffector plexus is released in the 
      lymphoid microenvironment. Based on the microanatomical localization of 
      dopaminergic markers investigated, a role of dopamine in maturation and selection 
      of lymphocytes and activation of immune responses is suggested.
FAU - Mignini, Fiorenzo
AU  - Mignini F
AD  - Anatomia Umana, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Sanita Pubblica, 
      Universita di Camerino, Camerino, Italy. fiorenzo.mignini@unicam.it
FAU - Tomassoni, Daniele
AU  - Tomassoni D
FAU - Traini, Enea
AU  - Traini E
FAU - Amenta, Francesco
AU  - Amenta F
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20081113
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Neuroimmunol
JT  - Journal of neuroimmunology
JID - 8109498
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Dopamine)
RN  - 0 (Vesicular Transport Proteins)
RN  - VTD58H1Z2X (Dopamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Blotting, Western
MH  - Dopamine/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - Male
MH  - RNA, Messenger/metabolism
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Receptors, Dopamine/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Spleen/*metabolism
MH  - Thymus Gland/*metabolism
MH  - Vesicular Transport Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
EDAT- 2008/11/18 09:00
MHDA- 2009/04/03 09:00
CRDT- 2008/11/18 09:00
PHST- 2008/08/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2008/09/26 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2008/09/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2008/11/18 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/04/03 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/11/18 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0165-5728(08)00424-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.09.018 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Neuroimmunol. 2009 Jan 3;206(1-2):5-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.09.018. 
      Epub 2008 Nov 13.