PMID- 19041661
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090407
LR  - 20091119
IS  - 0041-0101 (Print)
IS  - 0041-0101 (Linking)
VI  - 53
IP  - 1
DP  - 2009 Jan
TI  - Atypical profiles of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in shellfish from 
      Luanda and Mussulo bays, Angola.
PG  - 176-83
LID - 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.10.029 [doi]
AB  - Currently Angola does not possess a monitoring programme for shellfish 
      contamination with marine biotoxins. Among other potentially toxic microalgae, 
      the presence of Gymnodinium catenatum and Pyrodinium bahamense has been reported 
      at the Angola coast, two species associated worldwide with production of 
      paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (PSTs). A preliminary assessment of 
      contamination with PSTs was carried out by HPLC with pre-column derivatization in 
      samples of Semele proficua from Luanda Bay and samples of Senilia senilis from 
      Mussulo Bay, collected between June 2007 and February 2008. An unusual profile 
      was found, not matching any of the 10 oxidation products expected from the known 
      hydrophilic PSTs normally reported in marine dinoflagellates: the 
      N-sulfocarbamoyl, the decarbamoyl or the carbamoyl analogues of saxitoxin (STX). 
      Four major compounds were noted, and designated A through D. These were not 
      autofluorescent, additionally A and D presented much stronger response after 
      peroxide oxidation than after periodate oxidation. Fluorescence emission and 
      ultraviolet absorption maxima were similar to oxidation products of STX 
      analogues. Separation carried out in two different C18 columns clearly showed the 
      retention times did not match the oxidation products of standards. In the period 
      of August through October 2007, samples of S. proficua from Luanda Bay presented 
      a strong cross-reaction with a commercial antibody towards STX, in the range of 
      2600-5800STXequiv./kg, while for the same period levels in the samples of S. 
      senilis from Mussulo Bay ranged between <30 and 340STXequiv./kg. This reaction 
      was directly proportional to the presence of the four unknown fluorescent peaks. 
      The presence of these compounds was very persistent throughout the studied 
      period, in particular in Luanda Bay. This contamination might not be 
      characteristic of a dinoflagellate blooming, but could be related to a persistent 
      cyanobacterial contamination, due to the strong sewage pollution of the area.
FAU - Vale, Paulo
AU  - Vale P
AD  - Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biologicos - L-IPIMAR (INRB/L-IPIMAR), Av. 
      Brasilia, s/n, 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal. pvale@ipimar.pt
FAU - Rangel, Isabel
AU  - Rangel I
FAU - Silva, Barbara
AU  - Silva B
FAU - Coelho, Paulo
AU  - Coelho P
FAU - Vilar, Andrea
AU  - Vilar A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20081118
PL  - England
TA  - Toxicon
JT  - Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology
JID - 1307333
RN  - 0 (Marine Toxins)
RN  - 0 (Toxins, Biological)
SB  - IM
MH  - Angola
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bivalvia/*chemistry
MH  - Foodborne Diseases
MH  - Marine Toxins/*chemistry/isolation & purification
MH  - Molecular Structure
MH  - Toxins, Biological/*chemistry/*metabolism
EDAT- 2008/12/02 09:00
MHDA- 2009/04/08 09:00
CRDT- 2008/12/02 09:00
PHST- 2008/08/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2008/10/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2008/10/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2008/12/02 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/04/08 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/12/02 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0041-0101(08)00573-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.10.029 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Toxicon. 2009 Jan;53(1):176-83. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.10.029. Epub 2008 Nov 
      18.