PMID- 19041899
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090330
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 1872-7549 (Electronic)
IS  - 0166-4328 (Linking)
VI  - 198
IP  - 1
DP  - 2009 Mar 2
TI  - Excitatory amino acids in the forebrain of the Naples high-excitability rats: 
      neurochemical and behavioural effects of subchronic D-aspartate and its diethyl 
      ester prodrug.
PG  - 37-44
LID - 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.11.006 [doi]
AB  - The excitatory amino acids (EAA) L-glutamate (L-Glu), L-aspartate (L-Asp) and 
      D-aspartate (D-Asp) are thought to play a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator role in 
      neuronal communications. Recently, a high level of EAA L-Glu, D- and L-Asp 
      isomers has been found in the forebrain of Naples high-excitability (NHE) rat 
      line that models the mesocortical variant of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity 
      Disorder (ADHD). The aim of this study was to assess the functions of D-Asp using 
      two forms, i.e. free D-Asp or D-Asp diethyl ester (DEE) as prodrug, on brain and 
      behaviour. Thus, prepuberal rats were given, for two weeks daily, an i.p. 
      injection of D-Asp or DEE or vehicle. Then rats were exposed to two spatial 
      novelties i.e. Lat and radial Olton maze. Behaviour was monitored for indices of 
      activity, non-selective attention (NSA), selective spatial attention (SSA) and 
      emotional reactivity. L-Glu and D- and L-Asp were detected by HPLC in cognitive 
      and non-cognitive brain areas such as prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus 
      and hypothalamus. Results indicate that subchronic D-Asp or DEE (i) reduced EAA 
      levels in the NHE and increased it in the random-bred controls (NRB) rats, (ii) 
      in the Lat-maze D-Asp increased horizontal activity in NHE but DEE decreased it 
      in NRB rats, (iii) in the Olton maze D-Asp and DEE decreased vertical activity in 
      NHE and NRB rats respectively, (iv) D-Asp impaired attention only in NRB 
      decreasing number of arms visited before first repetition. Therefore, data 
      demonstrate differential effects of prepuberal subchronic D-Asp and DEE that may 
      be related to different basal EAA levels in NHE and NRB rats.
FAU - Ruocco, L A
AU  - Ruocco LA
AD  - Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Via S. Andrea 
      delle Dame, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy. luciaadriana.ruocco@unina2.it
FAU - Di Pizzo, A
AU  - Di Pizzo A
FAU - Carnevale, U A Gironi
AU  - Carnevale UA
FAU - Murolo, M
AU  - Murolo M
FAU - Sadile, A G
AU  - Sadile AG
FAU - Arra, C
AU  - Arra C
FAU - Topo, E
AU  - Topo E
FAU - D'Aniello, A
AU  - D'Aniello A
FAU - Curcio, A
AU  - Curcio A
FAU - Melisi, D
AU  - Melisi D
FAU - Rimoli, M G
AU  - Rimoli MG
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20081112
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Behav Brain Res
JT  - Behavioural brain research
JID - 8004872
RN  - 0 (Excitatory Amino Acids)
RN  - 0 (Prodrugs)
RN  - 0 (aspartic acid diethyl ester)
RN  - 30KYC7MIAI (Aspartic Acid)
RN  - 3KX376GY7L (Glutamic Acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Aspartic Acid/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology
MH  - Attention/drug effects
MH  - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug 
      therapy/*metabolism/physiopathology
MH  - *Behavior, Animal/drug effects
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
MH  - Corpus Striatum/metabolism
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Emotions/drug effects/physiology
MH  - Excitatory Amino Acids/*metabolism
MH  - Exploratory Behavior/drug effects
MH  - Glutamic Acid/metabolism
MH  - Hippocampus/metabolism
MH  - Hypothalamus/metabolism
MH  - Injections, Subcutaneous
MH  - Maze Learning/drug effects
MH  - Motor Activity/drug effects
MH  - Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism
MH  - Prodrugs/administration & dosage/metabolism/*pharmacology
MH  - Prosencephalon/drug effects/*metabolism
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Inbred Strains
MH  - Space Perception/drug effects
MH  - Treatment Outcome
EDAT- 2008/12/02 09:00
MHDA- 2009/03/31 09:00
CRDT- 2008/12/02 09:00
PHST- 2008/11/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2008/11/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2008/12/02 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/03/31 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/12/02 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0166-4328(08)00618-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.11.006 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Behav Brain Res. 2009 Mar 2;198(1):37-44. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.11.006. Epub 
      2008 Nov 12.