PMID- 19048342
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090730
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1436-2236 (Electronic)
IS  - 1436-2228 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 4
DP  - 2009 Jul-Aug
TI  - Functional characterization of the ELR motif in piscine ELR+CXC-like chemokine.
PG  - 505-12
LID - 10.1007/s10126-008-9165-y [doi]
AB  - To elucidate the functional role of piscine incomplete ELR motif, the recombinant 
      CXC and its mutants (mELR and mLoop) were produced in Escherichia coli M15 based 
      on the predicted mature peptide coding sequence of the black sea bream CXC (BS 
      CXC) chemokine. Assays showed that the BS rCXC proteins displayed strong ability 
      to induce fish blood neutrophils and head kidney (HK) macrophage migration in a 
      dose-independent manner (10 to 200 ng), both in black sea bream and common carp. 
      Although the ELR motif and the N-terminal loop of ELR(+)CXC chemokines are 
      essential for chemotactic activity and receptor binding in mammals, the mELR and 
      mLoop mutants showed no significant difference in their induction of chemotaxis 
      of fish blood neutrophils compared with the full-length rCXC at the same dose. 
      Human recombinant IL-8 (hrIL-8) can clearly induce piscine blood neutrophil 
      migration and has no effect on macrophages, whereas the BS rCXC cannot induce 
      chemotaxis in higher vertebrates, such as rat blood neutrophils or macrophages, 
      even if the incomplete ELR motif in rCXC was mutated to ELR. The BS CXC and its 
      mutants can promote the phagocytosis ability of piscine blood neutrophils and HK 
      macrophages both in black sea bream and common carp, but have no effect on rat 
      neutrophils or macrophages. Results showed that the piscine ELR(+)CXC-like 
      chemokine represents an ancient version of a CXC chemokine; the ELR motif still 
      does not show the higher specific polarization of function as found in mammalian.
FAU - Cai, Zhonghua
AU  - Cai Z
AD  - Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of 
      China. caizh@sz.tsinghua.edu.cn
FAU - Gao, Chunping
AU  - Gao C
FAU - Zhang, Yong
AU  - Zhang Y
FAU - Xing, Kezhi
AU  - Xing K
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20081202
PL  - United States
TA  - Mar Biotechnol (NY)
JT  - Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)
JID - 100892712
RN  - 0 (Chemokines, CXC)
RN  - 0 (Fish Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Peptides)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Motifs/physiology
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Chemokines, CXC/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Chemotaxis/drug effects
MH  - Escherichia coli/genetics
MH  - Fish Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Macrophages/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Peptides/metabolism
MH  - Perciformes/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology
EDAT- 2008/12/03 09:00
MHDA- 2009/07/31 09:00
CRDT- 2008/12/03 09:00
PHST- 2008/09/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2008/11/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2008/12/03 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/07/31 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/12/03 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s10126-008-9165-y [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2009 Jul-Aug;11(4):505-12. doi: 10.1007/s10126-008-9165-y. 
      Epub 2008 Dec 2.