PMID- 19059115
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090619
LR  - 20081208
IS  - 1557-3117 (Electronic)
IS  - 1053-2498 (Linking)
VI  - 27
IP  - 12
DP  - 2008 Dec
TI  - Human, bovine and porcine systematic vascular input impedances are not 
      equivalent: implications for device testing and xenotransplantation in heart 
      failure.
PG  - 1340-7
LID - 10.1016/j.healun.2008.08.009 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Advanced therapies for heart failure (HF), such as mechanical 
      circulatory support (MCS) devices and xenotransplantation, are usually tested in 
      bovine and porcine models. This approach assumes a priori that animal 
      (patho)physiology will closely match that of humans. Systemic aortic input 
      impedance (Z(ART)) is an important physiologic determinant of left ventricular 
      (LV) performance. We tested the hypothesis that Z(ART) is lower in bovine and 
      porcine than in humans with normal or failing hearts. METHODS: High-fidelity 
      aortic pressure and flow waveforms were recorded intra-operatively at native and 
      paced heart rates of 100 beats per minute (bpm) in adult human patients with 
      normal LV function (n = 13) or end-stage HF (n = 15), and normal calves (n = 10) 
      and pigs (n = 18). Fast Fourier transformation was used to calculate Z(ART), and 
      arterial resistance and compliance were estimated using a 4-element Windkessel 
      model. RESULTS: Humans with HF had greater Z(ART) than those with normal LV 
      function, characterized by higher resistance (1.16 +/- 0.12 vs 1.00 +/- 0.10 mm 
      Hg x s/ml, p < 0.05) and lower compliance (1.53 +/- 0.21 vs 1.88 +/- 0.33 ml x mm 
      Hg, p < 0.05). Healthy calves and pigs had significantly lower resistance (calf: 
      0.63 +/- 0.07 mm Hg x s/ml; pig: 0.90 +/- 0.07 mm Hg x s/ml) and higher 
      compliance (calf: 2.79 +/- 0.37 ml x mm Hg; pig: 2.80 +/- 0.64 ml x mm Hg) when 
      compared to humans (p < 0.05) with normal or failing hearts. CONCLUSIONS: Z(ART) 
      is significantly lower in calves and pigs than in humans with or without HF. This 
      finding has important implications for the pre-clinical testing of MCS devices 
      and xenotransplants, which are usually examined in bovine and porcine models, 
      respectively. Specifically, these therapies may respond differently in humans 
      than animals due to non-equivalence of systemic after-load.
FAU - Koenig, Steven C
AU  - Koenig SC
AD  - Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Bioengineering and Surgery, 
      University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 502-852-1795, USA. 
      sckoen@gwise.loiusville.edu
FAU - Giridharan, Guruprasad A
AU  - Giridharan GA
FAU - Ewart, Daniel L
AU  - Ewart DL
FAU - Schroeder, Mark J
AU  - Schroeder MJ
FAU - Ionan, Constantine
AU  - Ionan C
FAU - Slaughter, Mark S
AU  - Slaughter MS
FAU - Sobieski, Michael
AU  - Sobieski M
FAU - Pantalos, George M
AU  - Pantalos GM
FAU - Dowling, Robert D
AU  - Dowling RD
FAU - Prabhu, Sumanth D
AU  - Prabhu SD
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - J Heart Lung Transplant
JT  - The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the 
      International Society for Heart Transplantation
JID - 9102703
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Animals
MH  - Aorta, Thoracic/*physiology/physiopathology
MH  - Cardiography, Impedance
MH  - Cattle
MH  - *Coronary Artery Bypass
MH  - Female
MH  - Heart Failure/physiopathology/*surgery
MH  - Heart Rate
MH  - Heart Transplantation/*physiology
MH  - *Heart-Assist Devices
MH  - Hemodynamics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Species Specificity
MH  - Supine Position
MH  - Swine
MH  - *Transplantation, Heterologous
MH  - Ventricular Function, Left/physiology
EDAT- 2008/12/09 09:00
MHDA- 2009/06/20 09:00
CRDT- 2008/12/09 09:00
PHST- 2007/12/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2008/05/16 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2008/08/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2008/12/09 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/06/20 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/12/09 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S1053-2498(08)00620-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.healun.2008.08.009 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Heart Lung Transplant. 2008 Dec;27(12):1340-7. doi: 
      10.1016/j.healun.2008.08.009.