PMID- 19070630
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090713
LR  - 20240312
IS  - 0039-128X (Print)
IS  - 1878-5867 (Electronic)
IS  - 0039-128X (Linking)
VI  - 74
IP  - 7
DP  - 2009 Jul
TI  - Membrane estrogen receptors activate metabotropic glutamate receptors to 
      influence nervous system physiology.
PG  - 608-13
LID - 10.1016/j.steroids.2008.11.013 [doi]
AB  - Until recently, the idea that estradiol could affect cellular processes 
      independent of nuclear estrogen receptors was often dismissed as artifact. This 
      in spite of a large number of carefully controlled studies performed both within 
      and outside the nervous system demonstrating estrogens regulate various 
      intracellular signaling pathways by acting at the membrane surface of cells 
      and/or at biological rates incompatible with the time course of genomic-initiated 
      events. The concept that estradiol can act on surface membrane receptors to 
      regulate nervous system function is now far less controversial. However, there is 
      evidence that there may be multiple types of estrogen receptors on the membrane 
      surface of cells. Determining the physiological relevance of each of these 
      receptors is currently underway. Two important membrane estrogen receptors are in 
      fact the classical estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) and estrogen receptor-beta 
      (ERbeta) proteins, which is somewhat surprising based upon their well-established 
      role in nuclear gene transcription. This review will focus on the mechanism by 
      which surface-localized ERalpha and ERbeta stimulate intracellular signaling 
      events in cells of the nervous system through activation of metabotropic 
      glutamate receptors (mGluRs). This mechanism of estrogen receptor function also 
      requires caveolin proteins, which provide the subcellular compartmentalization of 
      the particular signaling components required for appropriate cell stimulation. 
      The review will conclude with several examples of physiological processes under 
      the apparent regulation of ER/mGluR signaling.
FAU - Boulware, Marissa I
AU  - Boulware MI
AD  - Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, 
      United States.
FAU - Mermelstein, Paul G
AU  - Mermelstein PG
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 NS041302/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 NS041302-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - NS41302/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Review
DEP - 20081125
PL  - United States
TA  - Steroids
JT  - Steroids
JID - 0404536
RN  - 0 (Estrogens)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Estrogen)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Membrane/*metabolism
MH  - Estrogens/pharmacology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Nervous System Physiological Phenomena/*drug effects
MH  - Receptors, Estrogen/*metabolism
MH  - Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/*metabolism
MH  - Signal Transduction
PMC - PMC2799184
MID - NIHMS165244
EDAT- 2008/12/17 09:00
MHDA- 2009/07/14 09:00
PMCR- 2009/12/29
CRDT- 2008/12/17 09:00
PHST- 2008/10/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2008/11/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2008/11/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2008/12/17 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2008/12/17 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/07/14 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2009/12/29 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0039-128X(08)00293-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.steroids.2008.11.013 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Steroids. 2009 Jul;74(7):608-13. doi: 10.1016/j.steroids.2008.11.013. Epub 2008 
      Nov 25.