PMID- 19088307
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090220
LR  - 20220331
IS  - 1098-5336 (Electronic)
IS  - 0099-2240 (Print)
IS  - 0099-2240 (Linking)
VI  - 75
IP  - 4
DP  - 2009 Feb
TI  - Molecular ecological analysis of fecal bacterial populations from term infants 
      fed formula supplemented with selected blends of prebiotics.
PG  - 1121-8
LID - 10.1128/AEM.02359-07 [doi]
AB  - Supplementation of infant formulas with prebiotic ingredients continues the 
      effort to mimic functional properties of human milk. In this double-blind, 
      controlled, 28-day study, healthy term infants received control formula (control 
      group; n = 25) or control formula supplemented with polydextrose (PDX) and 
      galactooligosaccharide (GOS) (4 g/liter) (PG4 group; n = 27) or with PDX, GOS, 
      and lactulose (LOS) (either 4 g/liter [PGL4 group; n = 27] or 8 g/liter [PGL8 
      group; n = 25]). A parallel breast-fed group (BF group) (n = 30) was included. 
      Stool characteristics, formula tolerance, and adverse events were monitored. 
      Fecal bacterial subpopulations were evaluated by culture-based selective 
      enumeration (Enterobacteriaceae), quantitative real-time PCR (Clostridium 
      clusters I, XI, and XIV, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium), and fluorescence in 
      situ hybridization (FISH) (Bifidobacterium). Fecal bacterial community profiles 
      were examined by using 16S rRNA gene PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. 
      The daily stool consistency was significantly softer or looser in the BF group 
      than in all of the groups that received formula. The formulas were well 
      tolerated, and the incidences of adverse events did not differ among feeding 
      groups. Few significant changes in bacterial subpopulations were observed at any 
      time point. The bacterial communities were stable; individual profiles tended to 
      cluster by subject rather than by group. Post hoc analysis, however, demonstrated 
      that the bacterial community profiles for subjects in the BF, PG4, PGL4, and PGL8 
      groups that first received formula at a younger age were less stable than the 
      profiles for subjects in the same groups that received formula at an older age, 
      but there was no difference for the control group. These data indicate that 
      formulas containing PDX, GOS, and LOS blends are more likely to influence gut 
      microbes when administration is begun in early infancy and justify further 
      investigation of the age-related effects of these blends on fecal microbiota.
FAU - Nakamura, Noriko
AU  - Nakamura N
AD  - Division of Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of 
      Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. 
      nnakamur@illinois.edu
FAU - Gaskins, H Rex
AU  - Gaskins HR
FAU - Collier, Chad T
AU  - Collier CT
FAU - Nava, Gerardo M
AU  - Nava GM
FAU - Rai, Deshanie
AU  - Rai D
FAU - Petschow, Bryon
AU  - Petschow B
FAU - Russell, W Michael
AU  - Russell WM
FAU - Harris, Cheryl
AU  - Harris C
FAU - Mackie, Roderick I
AU  - Mackie RI
FAU - Wampler, Jennifer L
AU  - Wampler JL
FAU - Walker, D Carey
AU  - Walker DC
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20081216
PL  - United States
TA  - Appl Environ Microbiol
JT  - Applied and environmental microbiology
JID - 7605801
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bacteria/*classification
MH  - *Colony Count, Microbial
MH  - Dietary Supplements/*adverse effects
MH  - Double-Blind Method
MH  - Electrophoresis/methods
MH  - Feces/*microbiology
MH  - Gastrointestinal Tract/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Infant
MH  - Infant Formula/*administration & dosage
MH  - *Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
PMC - PMC2643592
EDAT- 2008/12/18 09:00
MHDA- 2009/02/21 09:00
PMCR- 2009/08/01
CRDT- 2008/12/18 09:00
PHST- 2008/12/18 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2008/12/18 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/02/21 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2009/08/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - AEM.02359-07 [pii]
AID - 2359-07 [pii]
AID - 10.1128/AEM.02359-07 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 Feb;75(4):1121-8. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02359-07. Epub 
      2008 Dec 16.