PMID- 1910589
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19911121
LR  - 20180608
IS  - 0895-3988 (Print)
IS  - 0895-3988 (Linking)
VI  - 4
IP  - 1-2
DP  - 1991 Jun
TI  - Critical considerations in the immunochemical detection and quantitation of 
      antigenic biomarkers.
PG  - 113-29
AB  - The formation of covalent adducts as a result of the interaction of metabolically 
      activated chemicals with host macromolecules is a common critical event in 
      mutagenic, carcinogenic, and immunologic phenomena. Because of their antigenicity 
      and their immunogenicity, covalent adducts may be detected using sensitive 
      immunochemical techniques. The immunochemical approaches to biomonitoring and 
      molecular dosimetry of DNA damage are particularly attractive because they allow 
      sensitive quantitation of specific DNA adducts present in small samples and do 
      not rely on the use of radiolabeled adducts. Two examples of biomarker 
      immunoassay development are presented: an avidin/biotin-amplified ELISA for the 
      major DNA adduct of the human bladder carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP), and a 
      particle concentration fluorescent immunoassay (PCFIA) for the major protein 
      adduct associated with toxicity by the prototype hepatotoxin acetaminophen. The 
      examples illustrate critical steps in the development of biomarker immunoassays 
      which include selection of the relevant adduct, preparation of an appropriate 
      immunogen, immunization, characterization of antisera, and development of 
      application-specific sample processing techniques for biomarker quantitation. 
      Immunochemical procedures may be combined with other analytical techniques to 
      form hybrid systems which take advantage of both the antigenicity and the 
      physical or chemical properties of a biomarker to achieve greater specificity 
      and/or sensitivity. The future usefulness of these new tools of molecular 
      epidemiology will depend on a compound-by-compound validation of methods and 
      critical evaluation of the biologic importance of the particular antigenic 
      biomarker as an indicator of exposure and as an indicator of risk.
FAU - Roberts, D W
AU  - Roberts DW
AD  - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, 
      Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502.
FAU - Benson, R W
AU  - Benson RW
FAU - Hinson, J A
AU  - Hinson JA
FAU - Kadlubar, F F
AU  - Kadlubar FF
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - China
TA  - Biomed Environ Sci
JT  - Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES
JID - 8909524
RN  - 0 (Aminobiphenyl Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Antigens)
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Carcinogens)
RN  - 16054949HJ (4-biphenylamine)
RN  - 362O9ITL9D (Acetaminophen)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acetaminophen/metabolism/toxicity
MH  - Aminobiphenyl Compounds/metabolism/toxicity
MH  - Antigens/*analysis
MH  - *Biomarkers
MH  - Carcinogens/metabolism
MH  - DNA Damage
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoassay
MH  - Immunochemistry/*methods
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
RF  - 43
EDAT- 1991/06/01 00:00
MHDA- 1991/06/01 00:01
CRDT- 1991/06/01 00:00
PHST- 1991/06/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1991/06/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1991/06/01 00:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Biomed Environ Sci. 1991 Jun;4(1-2):113-29.