PMID- 19109792
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090319
LR  - 20081225
IS  - 1064-3745 (Print)
IS  - 1064-3745 (Linking)
VI  - 471
DP  - 2009
TI  - Do viruses cause breast cancer?
PG  - 421-38
LID - 10.1007/978-1-59745-416-2_21 [doi]
AB  - Because mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV; the Bittner virus) is the proven cause 
      of breast cancer in both field and experimental mice, similar viruses have long 
      been suspects as a potential cause of human breast cancer. MMTV-like viral 
      genetic material has been identified in human breast tumors, but there is no 
      definitive evidence whether MMTV is causal and not merely an innocuous infection 
      in humans. High-risk human papilloma viruses (HPVs), Epstein-Barr (EBV), and 
      other viruses also have been identified in human breast tumors, but again there 
      is no definitive evidence for a causal role. Any viral hypothesis as a cause of 
      breast cancer must take into account the most striking epidemiologic feature of 
      human breast cancer, the three- to sixfold differences in mortality and up to 
      eightfold differences in incidence between some Asian and Western populations. 
      These differences dramatically lessen to a two- to threefold difference within 
      one or two generations of migration of females from low to high risk of breast 
      cancer countries. In this chapter, a plausible explanation for these phenomena is 
      offered; that is, the hypothesis that oncogenic viruses such as MMTV and 
      high-risk HPVs may initiate some breast cancers in most populations. Furthermore, 
      dietary patterns are suggested to determine circulating sex hormone levels, which 
      in turn promote the replication of the hormone-dependent viruses MMTV and HPV. In 
      addition, diet and hormones promote growth of both normal and malignant cells. 
      Finally, the hypothesis that migrants from low to high risk of breast cancer 
      countries change their food consumption patterns is suggested, which leads to 
      higher circulating hormone levels, which in turn promotes viral replication, 
      which initiates breast oncogenesis, which is enhanced by sex and growth hormones.
FAU - Lawson, James S
AU  - Lawson JS
AD  - School of Public Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Methods Mol Biol
JT  - Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
JID - 9214969
SB  - IM
MH  - Alphapapillomavirus/physiology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Breast Neoplasms/pathology/*virology
MH  - Female
MH  - Herpesvirus 4, Human/physiology
MH  - Host-Pathogen Interactions
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/*physiology
MH  - Mice
EDAT- 2008/12/26 09:00
MHDA- 2009/03/20 09:00
CRDT- 2008/12/26 09:00
PHST- 2008/12/26 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2008/12/26 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/03/20 09:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/978-1-59745-416-2_21 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Methods Mol Biol. 2009;471:421-38. doi: 10.1007/978-1-59745-416-2_21.