PMID- 19124206
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090804
LR  - 20090424
IS  - 0378-1135 (Print)
IS  - 0378-1135 (Linking)
VI  - 136
IP  - 3-4
DP  - 2009 May 12
TI  - Expression of Toll-like receptor mRNA and cytokines in pigs infected with porcine 
      reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.
PG  - 266-76
LID - 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.11.016 [doi]
AB  - Field observations have suggested that porcine reproductive and respiratory 
      syndrome virus (PRRSV) predispose pigs to secondary infections. The interaction 
      between PRRSV and the secondary invaders has not yet been well elucidated. In 
      this study, we investigated the mRNA expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR) in 
      lymphoid organs and cells, and cytokine secretions by alveolar macrophages (AMs) 
      and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in response to pathogen-associated 
      molecular patterns (PAMPs) in PRRSV-challenged pigs. TLR mRNA expressions were 
      measured by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction 
      (RT-PCR) and cytokine concentrations were determined using commercially available 
      ELISA kits. PRRSV infection led to significantly increased secretions of IL-1beta 
      and IL-6 by AMs of PRRSV-infected pigs. Infection of pigs with PRRSV also 
      resulted in an increased secretion of IL-1beta by AMs in response to lipoteichoic 
      acid (LTA) stimulation, and IL-6 by PBMCs in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 
      and LTA stimulation. Infection of pigs with PRRSV tended to up-regulate the mRNA 
      expression of TLR2, 3, 4, 7 and 8 in at least one of the lymphoid tissues and 
      cells. Further research is required to demonstrate the association between the 
      enhanced expressions of the specific TLRs and the increased susceptibility to 
      secondary agents with more severe clinical outcomes in PRRSV-infected pigs.
FAU - Liu, Ching-Hsing
AU  - Liu CH
AD  - Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and 
      Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan, ROC.
FAU - Chaung, Hso-Chi
AU  - Chaung HC
FAU - Chang, Hsiu-Luan
AU  - Chang HL
FAU - Peng, Yu-Tang
AU  - Peng YT
FAU - Chung, Wen-Bin
AU  - Chung WB
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20081128
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Vet Microbiol
JT  - Veterinary microbiology
JID - 7705469
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (Toll-Like Receptors)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cytokines/*biosynthesis/immunology
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary
MH  - Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
MH  - Lymphoid Tissue/immunology
MH  - Macrophages, Alveolar/immunology
MH  - Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory 
      Syndrome/genetics/*immunology/pathology/virology
MH  - Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/*immunology
MH  - RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis/genetics
MH  - Random Allocation
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
MH  - Swine
MH  - Toll-Like Receptors/*biosynthesis/genetics/immunology
EDAT- 2009/01/07 09:00
MHDA- 2009/08/06 09:00
CRDT- 2009/01/07 09:00
PHST- 2008/07/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2008/11/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2008/11/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2009/01/07 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/01/07 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/08/06 09:00 [medline]
AID - S0378-1135(08)00546-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.11.016 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Vet Microbiol. 2009 May 12;136(3-4):266-76. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.11.016. 
      Epub 2008 Nov 28.