PMID- 19135820
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090430
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 0731-7085 (Print)
IS  - 0731-7085 (Linking)
VI  - 49
IP  - 2
DP  - 2009 Feb 20
TI  - Extraction and determination of some psychotropic drugs in urine samples using 
      dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid 
      chromatography.
PG  - 572-8
LID - 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.11.036 [doi]
AB  - A simple, rapid and sensitive method termed as dispersive liquid-liquid 
      microextraction (DLLME) combined with high-performance liquid 
      chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV) has been proposed for the 
      determination of three psychotropic drugs (amitryptiline, clomipramine and 
      thioridazine) in urine samples. The determination was performed on a C(8) column 
      under the optimal chromatographic conditions (mobile phase: ammonium acetate 
      (0.03 mol L(-1), pH 5.5)-acetonitrile (60:40, v/v); flow rate: 1.0 mL min(-1); 
      detection wavelength: 238 nm). Several factors influencing the extraction 
      efficiency of the target drugs, such as pH, extraction and disperser solvent type 
      and their volume, extraction time and ion strength were studied and optimized. 
      Under the optimal DLLME conditions, the absolute recoveries of amitryptiline, 
      clomipramine and thioridazine from the urine samples were 96, 97 and 101%, 
      respectively. The detection limits (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) of the 
      proposed approach were 3 and 10 ng mL(-1) for amitryptiline, 7 and 21 ng mL(-1) 
      for clomipramine, and 8 and 25 ng mL(-1) for thioridazine, respectively. The 
      relative standard deviations (RSDs) for nine replicate determinations at 0.100 
      microg mL(-1) level of target drugs were less than 4.8%. Good linear behaviors 
      over the investigated concentration ranges were obtained with the values of 
      R(2)>0.998 for the target drugs. The proposed method was successfully applied to 
      the real urine samples from two female patients under amitryptiline and 
      clomipramine treatment, respectively.
FAU - Xiong, Chaomei
AU  - Xiong C
AD  - College of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical Center, Huazhong University of Science and 
      Technology, PR China.
FAU - Ruan, Jinlan
AU  - Ruan J
FAU - Cai, Yaling
AU  - Cai Y
FAU - Tang, Ying
AU  - Tang Y
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20081203
PL  - England
TA  - J Pharm Biomed Anal
JT  - Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
JID - 8309336
RN  - 0 (Drug Combinations)
RN  - 0 (Psychotropic Drugs)
RN  - 0 (Solvents)
RN  - 1806D8D52K (Amitriptyline)
RN  - N3D6TG58NI (Thioridazine)
RN  - NUV44L116D (Clomipramine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amitriptyline/urine
MH  - Calibration
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/instrumentation/methods
MH  - Clomipramine/urine
MH  - Drug Combinations
MH  - Drug Stability
MH  - Drug Storage
MH  - Female
MH  - Freezing
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
MH  - Osmolar Concentration
MH  - Psychotropic Drugs/*urine
MH  - Reference Standards
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Solvents/chemistry
MH  - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
MH  - Thioridazine/urine
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2009/01/13 09:00
MHDA- 2009/05/01 09:00
CRDT- 2009/01/13 09:00
PHST- 2008/10/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2008/11/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2008/11/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2009/01/13 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/01/13 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/05/01 09:00 [medline]
AID - S0731-7085(08)00642-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.11.036 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2009 Feb 20;49(2):572-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.11.036. 
      Epub 2008 Dec 3.