PMID- 19149701
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090511
LR  - 20191111
VI  - 4
IP  - 1
DP  - 2009 Jan
TI  - Homocysteine and heart failure: an overview.
PG  - 15-21
AB  - An elevated plasma level of homocysteine (HCY) is associated with increased risk 
      of thrombotic and atherosclerotic vascular disease. Several studies and recent 
      patents have demonstrated that hyper-homocysteinemia (HHCY) is an independent 
      risk factor for vascular disease. An elevated homocysteine level has been also 
      reported to be a risk factor for the development of congestive heart failure 
      (CHF) in individuals free of myocardial infarction. Animal studies showed that 
      experimental HHCY induces systolic and diastolic dysfunction, as well as an 
      increased BNP expression. Moreover, hyperhomocysteinemic animals exhibit an 
      adverse cardiac remodeling characterized by accumulation of interstitial and 
      perivascular collagen. The mechanisms leading from an elevated HCY level to 
      reduced pump function and adverse cardiac remodeling are a matter of speculation. 
      Existing data indicate that direct effects of HCY on the myocardium, as well as 
      nitric oxide independent vascular effects, are involved. Preliminary data from 
      small intervention trials have initiated the speculation that HCY lowering 
      therapy by micronutrients may improve clinical as well as laboratory markers of 
      CHF. In conclusion, HHCY might be a potential etiological factor in CHF. Future 
      studies need to explore the exact pathomechanisms of HHCY in CHF. Moreover, 
      larger intervention trials are needed to clarify whether modification of plasma 
      HCY by B-vitamin supplementation improves the clinical outcome in CHF patients.
FAU - Vizzardi, Enrico
AU  - Vizzardi E
AD  - Department of Cardiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy. 
      enrico.vizzardi@tin.it
FAU - Bonadei, Ivano
AU  - Bonadei I
FAU - Zanini, Gregoriana
AU  - Zanini G
FAU - Frattini, Silvia
AU  - Frattini S
FAU - Fiorina, Claudia
AU  - Fiorina C
FAU - Raddino, Riccardo
AU  - Raddino R
FAU - Dei Cas, Livio
AU  - Dei Cas L
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United Arab Emirates
TA  - Recent Pat Cardiovasc Drug Discov
JT  - Recent patents on cardiovascular drug discovery
JID - 101263805
RN  - 0LVT1QZ0BA (Homocysteine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Clinical Trials as Topic
MH  - Heart Failure/*etiology/metabolism
MH  - Homocysteine/chemistry/*metabolism/physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hyperhomocysteinemia/*complications/physiopathology
MH  - Vascular Diseases/complications
MH  - Vitamin B 12 Deficiency/complications
RF  - 84
EDAT- 2009/01/20 09:00
MHDA- 2009/05/12 09:00
CRDT- 2009/01/20 09:00
PHST- 2009/01/20 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/01/20 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/05/12 09:00 [medline]
AID - 10.2174/157489009787259991 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Recent Pat Cardiovasc Drug Discov. 2009 Jan;4(1):15-21. doi: 
      10.2174/157489009787259991.