PMID- 19160389
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090331
LR  - 20090202
IS  - 1531-4995 (Electronic)
IS  - 0023-852X (Linking)
VI  - 119
IP  - 2
DP  - 2009 Feb
TI  - Persistent allergic rhinitis has a moderate impact on the sense of smell, 
      depending on both nasal congestion and inflammation.
PG  - 233-8
LID - 10.1002/lary.20075 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: A degree of smell disturbance has been found in seasonal 
      and perennial allergic rhinitis, but alterations in olfaction in patients with 
      persistent allergic rhinitis (PER) have not yet been evaluated. The aims of the 
      study were to evaluate the impact of PER on the sense of smell, and to 
      characterize this impact based on self-reported hyposmia (SRH) and PER severity. 
      STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: A prospective controlled study was performed on 49 
      consecutive patients with PER. PER patients were subclassified depending on 
      severity and the presence of SRH. Olfactory function was evaluated by the 
      Barcelona Smell Test-24 (BAST-24) olfactometry for smell detection, 
      identification, and forced choice for first and fifth cranial nerve (CN) 
      dependent odors in comparison to a group of 60 healthy volunteers. In patients 
      with SRH, obstruction was evaluated by peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) and 
      acoustic rhinometry; and nasal inflammation was evaluated by nasal nitric oxide 
      (nNO). RESULTS: Most patients with PER (67%) presented SRH. Moderate/severe PER 
      (84.8%) predominated among patients with SRH, while mild PER (75%) predominated 
      among patients without SRH. Smell detection, identification, and forced choice 
      tests were significantly worse in PER patients (P < .05) than in healthy controls 
      for the odors related to the first and fifth CN. Among subgroups, patients with 
      moderate/severe PER and/or with SRH presented a significant reduction in smell 
      detection (P < .05) compared to healthy controls. Nasal NO correlated (R: 0.4; P 
      < .05) with loss of smell. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with PER have a moderate loss of 
      smell (BAST-24) with a higher impairment in those with self-reported hyposmia and 
      moderate-to-severe PER. These results suggest that the sense of smell should be 
      further investigated in all patients with allergic rhinitis, both in a clinical 
      setting and in clinical trials.
FAU - Guilemany, Jose Maria
AU  - Guilemany JM
AD  - Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Barcelona, 
      Catalonia, Spain. guilemany@gmail.com
FAU - Garcia-Pinero, Alfons
AU  - Garcia-Pinero A
FAU - Alobid, Isam
AU  - Alobid I
FAU - Cardelus, Sara
AU  - Cardelus S
FAU - Centellas, Silvia
AU  - Centellas S
FAU - Bartra, Joan
AU  - Bartra J
FAU - Valero, Antonio
AU  - Valero A
FAU - Picado, Cesar
AU  - Picado C
FAU - Mullol, Joaquim
AU  - Mullol J
LA  - eng
PT  - Controlled Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Laryngoscope
JT  - The Laryngoscope
JID - 8607378
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Airway Resistance/*physiology
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Endoscopy
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inflammation/physiopathology
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Olfaction Disorders/*physiopathology
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/*physiopathology
MH  - Sensory Thresholds/physiology
MH  - Smell/*physiology
EDAT- 2009/01/23 09:00
MHDA- 2009/04/01 09:00
CRDT- 2009/01/23 09:00
PHST- 2009/01/23 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/01/23 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/04/01 09:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1002/lary.20075 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Laryngoscope. 2009 Feb;119(2):233-8. doi: 10.1002/lary.20075.