PMID- 19169271
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090428
LR  - 20240502
IS  - 1745-7254 (Electronic)
IS  - 1671-4083 (Print)
IS  - 1671-4083 (Linking)
VI  - 30
IP  - 2
DP  - 2009 Feb
TI  - Suppression of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced adjuvant arthritis by 
      cobratoxin.
PG  - 219-27
LID - 10.1038/aps.2008.20 [doi]
AB  - AIM: Cobratoxin (CTX), the long-chain alpha-neurotoxin from Thailand cobra venom, 
      has been demonstrated to have analgesic action in rodent pain models. The present 
      study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of CTX on 
      adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats. METHODS: Arthritis was induced by injection of 
      complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in rats. Paw swelling and hyperalgesia of AA 
      rats were measured at various times after CFA administration. Tumor necrosis 
      factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and 
      interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in serum were determined with ELISA. 
      Histopathological changes in synoviocytes were examined under a microscope. 
      Involvement of the cholinergic system in the effects of CTX was examined by 
      pretreatment of animals with the alpha(7) nicotinic receptor (alpha(7)-nAChR) 
      antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA). RESULTS: CFA induced marked paw swelling and 
      reduced thresholds of mechanical and cold-induced paw withdrawal. The levels of 
      TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-2 in the serum of AA rats were increased, whereas the 
      level of IL-10 was decreased. Histopathological examination of synoviocytes 
      showed pronounced inflammation and accumulation of collagen. The administration 
      of CTX (17.0 microg/kg, ip) significantly reduced paw swelling and mechanical and 
      thermal hyperalgesia. CTX also reduced the production of TNF-alpha, IL-1, and 
      IL-2 but increased the production of IL-10 and altered pathohistological changes. 
      The analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy of CTX was significantly reduced by 
      MLA (3 mg/kg, sc). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that CTX has a beneficial 
      effect on CFA-induced arthritis by modulating the production of inflammatory 
      cytokines. alpha(7)-nAChR appears to mediate the anti-nociceptive and 
      anti-inflammatory actions of CTX.
FAU - Liu, Yan-Li
AU  - Liu YL
AD  - College of Pharmacy, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
FAU - Lin, Hai-Ming
AU  - Lin HM
FAU - Zou, Rong
AU  - Zou R
FAU - Wu, Jun-Chao
AU  - Wu JC
FAU - Han, Rong
AU  - Han R
FAU - Raymond, Laurence N
AU  - Raymond LN
FAU - Reid, Paul F
AU  - Reid PF
FAU - Qin, Zheng-Hong
AU  - Qin ZH
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20090126
PL  - United States
TA  - Acta Pharmacol Sin
JT  - Acta pharmacologica Sinica
JID - 100956087
RN  - 0 (Analgesics)
RN  - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents)
RN  - 0 (Cobra Neurotoxin Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-1)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-2)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
RN  - 130068-27-8 (Interleukin-10)
RN  - 9007-81-2 (Freund's Adjuvant)
SB  - IM
MH  - Analgesics/*therapeutic use
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anti-Inflammatory Agents/*therapeutic use
MH  - Arthritis, Experimental/*drug therapy/immunology/pathology/physiopathology
MH  - Behavior, Animal/physiology
MH  - Cobra Neurotoxin Proteins/*therapeutic use
MH  - Freund's Adjuvant/*immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Interleukin-1/metabolism
MH  - Interleukin-10/metabolism
MH  - Interleukin-2/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Pain Measurement
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Synovial Membrane/cytology/pathology
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
PMC - PMC4002463
EDAT- 2009/01/27 09:00
MHDA- 2009/04/29 09:00
PMCR- 2009/02/01
CRDT- 2009/01/27 09:00
PHST- 2009/01/27 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/01/27 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/04/29 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2009/02/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - aps200820 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/aps.2008.20 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2009 Feb;30(2):219-27. doi: 10.1038/aps.2008.20. Epub 2009 
      Jan 26.