PMID- 19190123
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090615
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 1096-0929 (Electronic)
IS  - 1096-0929 (Linking)
VI  - 108
IP  - 2
DP  - 2009 Apr
TI  - Evaluation of endocrine disrupting effects of nitrate after in utero exposure in 
      rats and of nitrate and nitrite in the H295R and T-screen assay.
PG  - 437-44
LID - 10.1093/toxsci/kfp023 [doi]
AB  - Animal studies have shown that nitrate acts as an endocrine disrupter affecting 
      the androgen production in adult males. This raises a concern for more severe 
      endocrine disrupting effects after exposure during the sensitive period of 
      prenatal male sexual development. As there are no existing studies of effects of 
      nitrate on male sexual development, the aim of the study was to examine how in 
      utero exposure to nitrate would affect male rat fetuses. Pregnant dams were dosed 
      with nitrate in the drinking water from gestational day (GD) 7 to GD21 at the 
      following dose levels 17.5, 50, 150, 450, and 900 mg/l. At GD21, fetuses were 
      examined for anogenital distance, plasma thyroxine levels, testicular and plasma 
      levels of testosterone and progesterone, and testicular testosterone production 
      and histopathology. In addition, endocrine disrupting activity of nitrate and 
      nitrite were studied in two in vitro assays, the H295R assay and T-screen. There 
      were no consistent indications that nitrate induces anti-androgenic effects in 
      male fetuses or that prenatal nitrate exposure affected the thyroid axis. 
      However, a more comprehensive study with long-term exposure before and during 
      pre- and postnatal development would be relevant to sufficiently address the 
      concerns based on the indications for endocrine disrupting effects in adult 
      animals.
FAU - Hansen, Pernille Reimer
AU  - Hansen PR
AD  - Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Food Institute, Technical 
      University of Denmark, Soborg, Denmark.
FAU - Taxvig, Camilla
AU  - Taxvig C
FAU - Christiansen, Sofie
AU  - Christiansen S
FAU - Axelstad, Marta
AU  - Axelstad M
FAU - Boberg, Julie
AU  - Boberg J
FAU - Kiersgaard, Maria Kristina
AU  - Kiersgaard MK
FAU - Nellemann, Christine
AU  - Nellemann C
FAU - Hass, Ulla
AU  - Hass U
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20090203
PL  - United States
TA  - Toxicol Sci
JT  - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology
JID - 9805461
RN  - 0 (Endocrine Disruptors)
RN  - 0 (Nitrates)
RN  - 0 (Nitrites)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Thyroid Hormone)
RN  - 0 (Steroids)
RN  - 3XMK78S47O (Testosterone)
RN  - 4G7DS2Q64Y (Progesterone)
RN  - Q51BO43MG4 (Thyroxine)
RN  - WI4X0X7BPJ (Hydrocortisone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adrenal Glands/growth & development/metabolism
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Drinking
MH  - *Endocrine Disruptors
MH  - Female
MH  - Hydrocortisone/biosynthesis
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - Male
MH  - Nitrates/*toxicity
MH  - Nitrites/*toxicity
MH  - Pituitary Gland/cytology/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Progesterone/biosynthesis
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/*agonists/*antagonists & inhibitors
MH  - Sexual Maturation/drug effects
MH  - Steroids/biosynthesis
MH  - Testis/growth & development/metabolism
MH  - Testosterone/blood
MH  - Thyroxine/blood
EDAT- 2009/02/05 09:00
MHDA- 2009/06/16 09:00
CRDT- 2009/02/05 09:00
PHST- 2009/02/05 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/02/05 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/06/16 09:00 [medline]
AID - kfp023 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/toxsci/kfp023 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Toxicol Sci. 2009 Apr;108(2):437-44. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp023. Epub 2009 Feb 3.