PMID- 19246942
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090622
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 1423-0216 (Electronic)
IS  - 1021-7401 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 3
DP  - 2009
TI  - Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy) decreases neutrophil activity and alters 
      leukocyte distribution in bone marrow, spleen and blood.
PG  - 191-200
LID - 10.1159/000204233 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Looking for possible neuroimmune relationships, we analyzed the 
      effects of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) administration on neuroendocrine, 
      neutrophil activity and leukocyte distribution in mice. METHODS: Five experiments 
      were performed. In the first, mice were treated with MDMA (10 mg/kg) 30, 60 min 
      and 24 h prior to blood sample collection for neutrophil activity analysis. In 
      the second experiment, the blood of naive mice was collected and incubated with 
      MDMA for neutrophil activity in vitro analysis. In the third and fourth 
      experiments, mice were injected with MDMA (10 mg/kg) and 60 min later, blood and 
      brain were collected to analyze corticosterone serum levels and hypothalamic 
      noradrenaline (NA) levels and turnover. In the last experiment, mice were 
      injected with MDMA 10 mg/kg and 60 min later, blood, bone marrow and spleen were 
      collected for leukocyte distribution analysis. RESULTS: Results showed an 
      increase in hypothalamic NA turnover and corticosterone serum levels 60 min after 
      MDMA (10 mg/kg) administration, a decrease in peripheral blood neutrophil 
      oxidative burst and a decrease in the percentage and intensity of neutrophil 
      phagocytosis. It was further found that MDMA (10 mg/kg) treatment also altered 
      leukocyte distribution in blood, bone marrow and spleen. In addition, no effects 
      were observed for MDMA after in vitro exposure both in neutrophil oxidative burst 
      and phagocytosis. CONCLUSION: The effects of MDMA administration (10 mg/kg) on 
      neutrophil activity and leukocyte distribution might have been induced indirectly 
      through noradrenergic neurons and/or hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis 
      activations.
CI  - Copyright 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel.
FAU - de Paula, Viviane Ferraz
AU  - de Paula VF
AD  - Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, 
      Sao Paulo, Brazil.
FAU - Ribeiro, Alison
AU  - Ribeiro A
FAU - Pinheiro, Milena L
AU  - Pinheiro ML
FAU - Sakai, Monica
AU  - Sakai M
FAU - Lacava, Mariana C R
AU  - Lacava MC
FAU - Lapachinske, Silvio F
AU  - Lapachinske SF
FAU - Moreau, Regina L M
AU  - Moreau RL
FAU - Palermo-Neto, Joao
AU  - Palermo-Neto J
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20090224
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Neuroimmunomodulation
JT  - Neuroimmunomodulation
JID - 9422763
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
RN  - W980KJ009P (Corticosterone)
RN  - X4W3ENH1CV (Norepinephrine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bone Marrow Cells/cytology/drug effects/immunology
MH  - Corticosterone/blood
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Hallucinogens/*pharmacology
MH  - Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/drug effects/immunology
MH  - Hypothalamus/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Immune Tolerance/*drug effects/physiology
MH  - Immunity/*drug effects
MH  - Leukocytes/cytology/drug effects/immunology
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Mononuclear Phagocyte System/cytology/*drug effects/immunology
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*pharmacology
MH  - Neuroimmunomodulation/drug effects/immunology
MH  - Neutrophils/cytology/*drug effects/immunology
MH  - Norepinephrine/metabolism
MH  - Phagocytosis/drug effects/physiology
MH  - Respiratory Burst/drug effects/physiology
MH  - Spleen/cytology/drug effects/immunology
EDAT- 2009/02/28 09:00
MHDA- 2009/06/23 09:00
CRDT- 2009/02/28 09:00
PHST- 2008/07/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2008/09/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2009/02/28 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/02/28 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/06/23 09:00 [medline]
AID - 000204233 [pii]
AID - 10.1159/000204233 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuroimmunomodulation. 2009;16(3):191-200. doi: 10.1159/000204233. Epub 2009 Feb 
      24.