PMID- 19347029 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20090527 LR - 20220330 IS - 1476-5594 (Electronic) IS - 0950-9232 (Print) IS - 0950-9232 (Linking) VI - 28 IP - 18 DP - 2009 May 7 TI - Inactivation of AMPK alters gene expression and promotes growth of prostate cancer cells. PG - 1993-2002 LID - 10.1038/onc.2009.63 [doi] AB - AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) serves as a fuel-sensing enzyme that is activated by binding of AMP and subsequent phophorylation by upstream kinases such as the tumor suppressor LKB1, when cells sense an increase in the ratio of AMP to ATP. Acute activation of AMPK stimulates fatty acid oxidation to generate more ATP and simultaneously inhibits ATP-consuming processes including fatty acid and protein syntheses, thereby preserving energy for acute cell-surviving program, whereas chronic activation leads to inhibition of cell growth. The goal of the present study is to explore the mechanisms by which AMPK regulates cell growth. Toward this end, we established stable cell lines by introducing a dominant-negative mutant of AMPK alpha1 subunit or its shRNA into the prostate cancer C4-2 cells and other cells, or wild type LKB1 into the lung adenocarcinoma A549 and breast MB-MDA-231 cancer cells, both of which lack functional LKB1. Our results showed that the inhibition of AMPK accelerated cell proliferation and promoted malignant behavior such as increased cell migration and anchorage-independent growth. This was associated with decreased G1 population, downregulation of p53 and p21, and upregulation of S6K, IGF-1 and IGF1R. Conversely, treatment of the C4-2 cells with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-D-ribonucleoside (AICAR), a prototypical AMPK activator, caused opposite changes. In addition, our study using microarray and RT-PCR revealed that AMPK regulated gene expression involved in tumor cell growth and survival. Thus, our study provides novel insights into the mechanisms of AMPK action in cancer cells and presents AMPK as an ideal drug target for cancer therapy. FAU - Zhou, J AU - Zhou J AD - Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA. FAU - Huang, W AU - Huang W FAU - Tao, R AU - Tao R FAU - Ibaragi, S AU - Ibaragi S FAU - Lan, F AU - Lan F FAU - Ido, Y AU - Ido Y FAU - Wu, X AU - Wu X FAU - Alekseyev, Y O AU - Alekseyev YO FAU - Lenburg, M E AU - Lenburg ME FAU - Hu, G-f AU - Hu GF FAU - Luo, Z AU - Luo Z LA - eng GR - R01 CA118918/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States GR - CA118918/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 CA118918-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 CA118918-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States GR - GM 057959/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 GM057959/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 GM057959-10/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural DEP - 20090406 PL - England TA - Oncogene JT - Oncogene JID - 8711562 RN - 0 (Ribonucleotides) RN - 360-97-4 (Aminoimidazole Carboxamide) RN - EC 2.7.11.1 (Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases) RN - EC 2.7.11.1 (STK11 protein, human) RN - EC 2.7.11.3 (AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases) RN - EC 2.7.11.31 (AMP-Activated Protein Kinases) RN - F0X88YW0YK (AICA ribonucleotide) SB - IM MH - AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases MH - AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/*genetics/metabolism/*physiology MH - Aminoimidazole Carboxamide/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology MH - Cell Cycle/genetics MH - Cell Line, Tumor MH - *Cell Proliferation MH - Enzyme Activation/drug effects MH - *Gene Expression MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Prostatic Neoplasms/*pathology MH - Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/metabolism MH - Ribonucleotides/pharmacology PMC - PMC2679420 MID - NIHMS96472 EDAT- 2009/04/07 09:00 MHDA- 2009/05/28 09:00 PMCR- 2009/11/07 CRDT- 2009/04/07 09:00 PHST- 2009/04/07 09:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/04/07 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/05/28 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2009/11/07 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - onc200963 [pii] AID - 10.1038/onc.2009.63 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Oncogene. 2009 May 7;28(18):1993-2002. doi: 10.1038/onc.2009.63. Epub 2009 Apr 6.