PMID- 19351894
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090529
LR  - 20220410
IS  - 1091-6490 (Electronic)
IS  - 0027-8424 (Print)
IS  - 0027-8424 (Linking)
VI  - 106
IP  - 16
DP  - 2009 Apr 21
TI  - Evidence on the emergence of the brain's default network from 2-week-old to 
      2-year-old healthy pediatric subjects.
PG  - 6790-5
LID - 10.1073/pnas.0811221106 [doi]
AB  - Several lines of evidence have implicated the existence of the brain's default 
      network during passive or undirected mental states. Nevertheless, results on the 
      emergence of the default network in very young pediatric subjects are lacking. 
      Using resting functional magnetic resonance imaging in healthy pediatric subjects 
      between 2 weeks and 2 years of age, we describe the temporal evolution of the 
      default network in a critical, previously unstudied, period of early human brain 
      development. Our results demonstrate that a primitive and incomplete default 
      network is present in 2-week-olds, followed by a marked increase in the number of 
      brain regions exhibiting connectivity, and the percent of connection at 1 year of 
      age. By 2 years of age, the default network becomes similar to that observed in 
      adults, including medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), posterior cingulate 
      cortex/retrosplenial (PCC/Rsp), inferior parietal lobule, lateral temporal 
      cortex, and hippocampus regions. While the anatomical representations of the 
      default network highly depend on age, the PCC/Rsp is consistently observed at in 
      both age groups and is central to the most and strongest connections of the 
      default network, suggesting that PCC/Rsp may serve as the main "hub" of the 
      default network as this region does in adults. In addition, although not as 
      remarkable as the PCC/Rsp, the MPFC also emerges as a potential secondary hub 
      starting from 1 year of age. These findings reveal the temporal development of 
      the default network in the critical period of early brain development and offer 
      new insights into the emergence of brain default network.
FAU - Gao, Wei
AU  - Gao W
AD  - Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 
      NC 27599, USA.
FAU - Zhu, Hongtu
AU  - Zhu H
FAU - Giovanello, Kelly S
AU  - Giovanello KS
FAU - Smith, J Keith
AU  - Smith JK
FAU - Shen, Dinggang
AU  - Shen D
FAU - Gilmore, John H
AU  - Gilmore JH
FAU - Lin, Weili
AU  - Lin W
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 NS055754/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - UL1 RR025747/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - NS055754/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - RR025747/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20090407
PL  - United States
TA  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
JT  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JID - 7505876
SB  - IM
EIN - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Jun 16;106(24):9931
MH  - Adult
MH  - Age Distribution
MH  - Brain/anatomy & histology/*physiology
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Male
MH  - Nerve Net/*physiology
PMC - PMC2672537
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2009/04/09 09:00
MHDA- 2009/05/30 09:00
PMCR- 2009/10/21
CRDT- 2009/04/09 09:00
PHST- 2009/04/09 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/04/09 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/05/30 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2009/10/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 0811221106 [pii]
AID - 7602 [pii]
AID - 10.1073/pnas.0811221106 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Apr 21;106(16):6790-5. doi: 
      10.1073/pnas.0811221106. Epub 2009 Apr 7.