PMID- 19352184
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090915
LR  - 20141120
IS  - 1365-2346 (Electronic)
IS  - 0265-0215 (Linking)
VI  - 26
IP  - 8
DP  - 2009 Aug
TI  - The vasodilatory effect of ketamine is independent of the N-methyl-D-aspartate 
      receptor: lack of functional N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in rat mesenteric 
      artery smooth muscle.
PG  - 676-82
LID - 10.1097/EJA.0b013e32832a1704 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Ketamine, which is a general anaesthetic that induces a 
      dissociative anaesthesia, acts by blocking the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 
      (NMDAr) in the brain. Although ketamine elevates blood pressure under the 
      clinical setting, the in-vitro effect of ketamine is vasodilatory. However, it is 
      not clear yet whether the vasodilation by ketamine involves functions of the 
      NMDAr. Therefore, we examined whether the NMDAr is functional in vascular smooth 
      muscle and whether the vasodilatory effect of ketamine is associated with the 
      NMDAr. METHODS: We measured isometric tension of endothelium-denuded arterial 
      rings from rat mesentery. The relaxing effects of ketamine, after rings were 
      precontracted with noradrenaline (10 mumol l) or high KCl (70 mmol l), were 
      examined. The effects of DL-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP-5), a 
      competitive NMDAr blocker that is structurally distinct from ketamine, were also 
      examined. The relaxing effects of ketamine in the presence of AP-5 were compared 
      with those in the absence of AP-5. The effects of NMDAr agonists 
      N-methyl-D-aspartate and glutamate were analysed in order to examine the 
      existence of a functional NMDAr. RESULTS: Both S(+)-ketamine and 
      racemic(+/-)-ketamine, with similar potencies and efficacies and in a 
      concentration-dependent manner, relaxed the precontracted arterial rings. 
      However, AP-5 neither relaxed the arteries nor affected the vasodilatory actions 
      of ketamine. N-methyl-D-aspartate and glutamate (0.01-1 mmol l) had negligible 
      effects on isometric tension under the resting or precontracted condition. 
      CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the NMDAr is not functional in vascular 
      smooth muscle, and the vasodilatory action of ketamine is independent of the 
      NMDAr in the rat mesenteric artery.
FAU - Noh, Hyun J
AU  - Noh HJ
AD  - Artificial Muscle Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
FAU - Bae, Young M
AU  - Bae YM
FAU - Park, Seung H
AU  - Park SH
FAU - Kim, Jae G
AU  - Kim JG
FAU - Kim, Bokyung
AU  - Kim B
FAU - Kim, Yoon S
AU  - Kim YS
FAU - Kim, Seong H
AU  - Kim SH
FAU - Cho, Sung-Il
AU  - Cho SI
FAU - Woo, Nam S
AU  - Woo NS
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - England
TA  - Eur J Anaesthesiol
JT  - European journal of anaesthesiology
JID - 8411711
RN  - 0 (Anesthetics, Dissociative)
RN  - 0 (Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate)
RN  - 0 (Vasoconstrictor Agents)
RN  - 0 (Vasodilator Agents)
RN  - 660YQ98I10 (Potassium Chloride)
RN  - 690G0D6V8H (Ketamine)
RN  - 76726-92-6 (2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate)
RN  - X4W3ENH1CV (Norepinephrine)
SB  - IM
MH  - 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate/pharmacology
MH  - Anesthetics, Dissociative/*pharmacology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/*pharmacology
MH  - In Vitro Techniques
MH  - Isometric Contraction/drug effects
MH  - Ketamine/*pharmacology
MH  - Male
MH  - Mesenteric Arteries/*drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Muscle Contraction/drug effects/physiology
MH  - Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/*drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Norepinephrine/antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology
MH  - Potassium Chloride/antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*drug effects
MH  - Splanchnic Circulation/drug effects
MH  - Stereoisomerism
MH  - Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
MH  - *Vasodilator Agents
EDAT- 2009/04/09 09:00
MHDA- 2009/09/16 06:00
CRDT- 2009/04/09 09:00
PHST- 2009/04/09 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/04/09 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/09/16 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1097/EJA.0b013e32832a1704 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2009 Aug;26(8):676-82. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0b013e32832a1704.