PMID- 19360027
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090908
LR  - 20090721
IS  - 1751-7370 (Electronic)
IS  - 1751-7362 (Linking)
VI  - 3
IP  - 8
DP  - 2009 Aug
TI  - A novel symbiosis between chemoautotrophic bacteria and a freshwater cave 
      amphipod.
PG  - 935-43
LID - 10.1038/ismej.2009.34 [doi]
AB  - Symbioses involving animals and chemoautotrophic bacteria form the foundation of 
      entire ecosystems at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, but have so far 
      not been reported in terrestrial or freshwater environments. A rare example of a 
      terrestrial ecosystem sustained by chemoautotrophy is found within the 
      sulfide-rich Frasassi limestone cave complex of central Italy. In this study, we 
      report the discovery of abundant filamentous bacteria on the exoskeleton of 
      Niphargus ictus, a macroinvertebrate endemic to Frasassi. Using 16S rDNA 
      sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we show that N. ictus 
      throughout the large cave complex are colonized by a single phylotype of bacteria 
      in the sulfur-oxidizing clade Thiothrix. The epibiont phylotype is distinct from 
      Thiothrix phylotypes that form conspicuous biofilms in the cave streams and pools 
      inhabited by N. ictus. Using a combination of 13C labeling, FISH, and secondary 
      ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), we show that the epibiotic Thiothrix are 
      autotrophic, establishing the first known example of a non-marine 
      chemoautotroph-animal symbiosis. Conditions supporting chemoautotrophy, and the 
      N. ictus-Thiothrix association, likely commenced in the Frasassi cave complex 
      between 350,000 and 1 million years ago. Therefore, the N. ictus-Thiothrix 
      symbiosis is probably significantly younger than marine chemoautotrophic 
      symbioses, many of which have been evolving for tens to hundreds of million 
      years.
FAU - Dattagupta, Sharmishtha
AU  - Dattagupta S
AD  - Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 
      USA. sdattag@uni-goettingen.de
FAU - Schaperdoth, Irene
AU  - Schaperdoth I
FAU - Montanari, Alessandro
AU  - Montanari A
FAU - Mariani, Sandro
AU  - Mariani S
FAU - Kita, Noriko
AU  - Kita N
FAU - Valley, John W
AU  - Valley JW
FAU - Macalady, Jennifer L
AU  - Macalady JL
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/EU884085
SI  - GENBANK/EU884086
SI  - GENBANK/EU884087
SI  - GENBANK/EU884088
SI  - GENBANK/EU884089
SI  - GENBANK/EU884090
SI  - GENBANK/EU884091
SI  - GENBANK/EU884092
SI  - GENBANK/EU884093
SI  - GENBANK/EU884094
SI  - GENBANK/EU884095
SI  - GENBANK/EU884096
SI  - GENBANK/EU884097
SI  - GENBANK/EU884098
SI  - GENBANK/EU884099
SI  - GENBANK/EU884100
SI  - GENBANK/EU884101
SI  - GENBANK/EU884102
SI  - GENBANK/EU884103
SI  - GENBANK/EU884104
SI  - GENBANK/EU884105
SI  - GENBANK/EU884106
SI  - GENBANK/EU884107
SI  - GENBANK/EU884108
SI  - GENBANK/EU884109
SI  - GENBANK/EU884110
SI  - GENBANK/EU884111
SI  - GENBANK/EU884112
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20090409
PL  - England
TA  - ISME J
JT  - The ISME journal
JID - 101301086
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Ribosomal)
RN  - 0 (Inorganic Chemicals)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amphipoda/*microbiology/*physiology
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena
MH  - Cluster Analysis
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/genetics
MH  - DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry/genetics
MH  - Fresh Water
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Inorganic Chemicals/metabolism
MH  - Italy
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - *Symbiosis
MH  - Thiothrix/*classification/genetics/*isolation & purification/metabolism
EDAT- 2009/04/11 09:00
MHDA- 2009/09/09 06:00
CRDT- 2009/04/11 09:00
PHST- 2009/04/11 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/04/11 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/09/09 06:00 [medline]
AID - ismej200934 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/ismej.2009.34 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - ISME J. 2009 Aug;3(8):935-43. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2009.34. Epub 2009 Apr 9.