PMID- 19377268
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090707
LR  - 20190608
IS  - 1884-8796 (Electronic)
IS  - 0916-8737 (Linking)
VI  - 45
IP  - 1
DP  - 2009 Feb
TI  - The plasticity of the defecation reflex pathway in the enteric nervous system of 
      guinea pigs.
PG  - 1-13
AB  - The enteric nervous system, the "second" brain, is an independent nervous system 
      that structurally resembles the "first" brain. Appropriate rectal distension 
      elicits rectal (R-R) reflex contractions and simultaneous internal anal sphincter 
      (R-IAS) reflex relaxations that together comprise the defecation reflex. The 
      enteric nervous system, pelvic nerves and lumbar colonic nerves control both 
      reflexes. Using the plasticity of enteric nervous pathways, a new therapy for 
      repairing enteric neural dysfunction could be developed. In vivo experiments were 
      performed on guinea pigs anesthetized with ethyl carbamate. We performed either a 
      lower anterior resection as used for rectal cancer, without damaging the 
      extrinsic nerves or a resection of a 2-cm segment of distal colon, 30 mm orally 
      from the anal verge, with subsequent end-to-end one layer anastomosis of the 
      exposed ends. The recovery of the defecation reflex was found to be the same in 
      both the rectal transection and distal colonic resection procedures. Eight weeks 
      after sectioning the intrinsic reflex nerve pathways in the rectum, the 
      defecation reflex recovered to control levels, accompanied by a regeneration of 
      the reflex pathways. The 5-HT(4) receptor agonist, mosapride (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg), 
      significantly (P<0.01) enhanced the recovered defecation reflex at this stage. 
      Two weeks after local treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF: 
      10(-6) g/ml) at the rectal anastomotic site, the R-IAS reflex relaxations 
      recovered and some bundles of fine nerve fibers were able to be seen 
      interconnecting the oral and anal ends of the myenteric plexus. Also 
      surprisingly, new neurons were found to have generated from neural stem cells at 
      the anastomotic ends. These new neurons had constructed mature enteric neural 
      networks including ganglionic-like structures eight weeks after surgery. These 
      results revealed the plasticity of enteric neurons, allowing the proposal of a 
      new therapy for repairing enteric neural dysfunction at least after surgery.
FAU - Katsui, Renta
AU  - Katsui R
AD  - Department of Physiology II, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 
      Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Japan.
FAU - Kuniyasu, Hiroki
AU  - Kuniyasu H
FAU - Matsuyoshi, Hiroko
AU  - Matsuyoshi H
FAU - Fujii, Hisao
AU  - Fujii H
FAU - Nakajima, Yoshiyuki
AU  - Nakajima Y
FAU - Takaki, Miyako
AU  - Takaki M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - Japan
TA  - J Smooth Muscle Res
JT  - Journal of smooth muscle research = Nihon Heikatsukin Gakkai kikanshi
JID - 9211664
RN  - 0 (Benzamides)
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 0 (Morpholines)
RN  - 0 (Serotonin Receptor Agonists)
RN  - I8MFJ1C0BY (mosapride)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anal Canal/*innervation/surgery
MH  - Animals
MH  - Benzamides/*pharmacology
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/*pharmacology
MH  - Colon/*innervation/surgery
MH  - Defecation
MH  - Guinea Pigs
MH  - Morpholines/*pharmacology
MH  - *Neuronal Plasticity
MH  - Peripheral Nerves/surgery
MH  - Rectal Neoplasms/surgery
MH  - Serotonin Receptor Agonists/*pharmacology
MH  - Stem Cells
RF  - 28
EDAT- 2009/04/21 09:00
MHDA- 2009/07/08 09:00
CRDT- 2009/04/21 09:00
PHST- 2009/04/21 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/04/21 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/07/08 09:00 [medline]
AID - JST.JSTAGE/jsmr/45.1 [pii]
AID - 10.1540/jsmr.45.1 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Smooth Muscle Res. 2009 Feb;45(1):1-13. doi: 10.1540/jsmr.45.1.