PMID- 19429395 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20090602 LR - 20211020 IS - 0890-6238 (Print) IS - 0890-6238 (Linking) VI - 27 IP - 2 DP - 2009 Apr TI - Alterations in rat fetal morphology following abuse patterns of toluene exposure. PG - 161-9 LID - 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.01.002 [doi] AB - Toluene is a commonly abused organic solvent. Inhalant abusers are increasingly women in their prime childbearing years. Children born to mothers who abused solvents during pregnancy may exhibit characteristics of a "fetal solvent syndrome" which may include dysmorphic features. This study examined the teratological effects of an abuse pattern of binge toluene exposure during gestation on skeletal and soft tissue abnormalities, body weight, and body size in fetal rats. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed for 30 min, twice daily, from gestational day (GD) 8 through GD20 to either air (0 ppm), 8000 ppm, 12,000 ppm, or 16,000 ppm toluene. Two-thirds of each litter was prepared for skeletal examination using Alizarin Red S staining while the remaining third of each litter was fixed in Bouin's solution for Wilson's soft tissue evaluation. Exposure to toluene at all levels significantly reduced growth, including decreases in placental weight, fetal weight, and crown-rump length. In addition, numerous gross morphological anomalies were observed such as short or missing digits and missing limbs. Skeletal examination revealed that ossification of the extremities was significantly reduced as a result of toluene exposure at all levels. Specific skeletal defects included misshapen scapula, missing and supernumerary vertebrae and ribs, and fused digits. Soft tissue anomalies were also observed at all toluene levels and there was a dose-dependent increase in the number of anomalies which included cryptorchidism, displaced abdominal organs, gastromegaly, distended/hypoplastic bladder, and delayed cardiac development, among others. These results indicate that animals exposed prenatally to levels and patterns of toluene typical of inhalant abuse are at increased risk for skeletal and soft tissue abnormalities. FAU - Bowen, Scott E AU - Bowen SE AD - Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. Scott.Bowen@wayne.edu FAU - Irtenkauf, Susan AU - Irtenkauf S FAU - Hannigan, John H AU - Hannigan JH FAU - Stefanski, Adrianne L AU - Stefanski AL LA - eng GR - R01 DA015951-05/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 DA015951-03/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 DA015951-04/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 DA015951-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 DA015951-02/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 DA015951-03S1/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 DA015951/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20090121 PL - United States TA - Reprod Toxicol JT - Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) JID - 8803591 RN - 0 (Solvents) RN - 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene) SB - IM MH - *Abnormalities, Drug-Induced MH - Animals MH - Bone and Bones/abnormalities/*drug effects MH - Crown-Rump Length MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Female MH - Fetal Weight/drug effects MH - Fetus/*drug effects/metabolism/pathology MH - Gestational Age MH - Inhalation Exposure MH - Maternal-Fetal Exchange MH - Models, Animal MH - Placenta/drug effects/pathology MH - Pregnancy MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - Solvents/metabolism/*toxicity MH - *Substance-Related Disorders MH - Toluene/metabolism/*toxicity PMC - PMC2680795 MID - NIHMS89617 EDAT- 2009/05/12 09:00 MHDA- 2009/06/03 09:00 PMCR- 2010/02/01 CRDT- 2009/05/12 09:00 PHST- 2008/11/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2008/12/28 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2009/01/09 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2009/05/12 09:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/05/12 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/06/03 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2010/02/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S0890-6238(09)00019-7 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.01.002 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Reprod Toxicol. 2009 Apr;27(2):161-9. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.01.002. Epub 2009 Jan 21.