PMID- 19457435
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090929
LR  - 20090714
IS  - 1095-6840 (Electronic)
IS  - 0016-6480 (Linking)
VI  - 163
IP  - 1-2
DP  - 2009 Sep 1
TI  - Is the gonadotropin releasing hormone system vulnerable to endocrine disruption 
      in birds?
PG  - 104-8
LID - 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.05.007 [doi]
AB  - Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) from a variety of sources occur widely in 
      the environment, but relationships between exposure to EDCs and long term effects 
      on bird populations can be difficult to prove. Embryonic exposure to EDCs may be 
      particularly detrimental, with potential long-term effects on reproduction and 
      ultimately individual fitness. Because many EDCs may have subtle sublethal 
      effects, it is necessary to establish sensitive end points as biomarkers of EDC 
      exposure in birds. Because the effects of EDCs may be both short- and long-term, 
      it is important to determine if embryonic exposure impacts sexual differentiation 
      and development of the reproductive axis in hatchlings and if there are effects 
      on reproductive function in adults. Our studies have focused on the effects of 
      estrogen- and androgen-active EDCs on the hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing 
      hormone-I (GnRH-I) system in an avian model of precocial species, the Japanese 
      quail. Estrogen- or androgen-active EDCs were administered between 0 and 
      embryonic day 4, and hypothalamic GnRH-I was measured in hatchlings and adults. 
      Treatment with vinclozolin and PCB126 depressed the concentration of embryonic 
      GnRH-I peptide while methoxyclor had an inconsistent stimulatory effect. 
      Treatment with atrazine or trenbolone had no significant effects on hypothalamic 
      GnRH-I in adults. Overall these observations support the view that the developing 
      avian GnRH-I neural system may be vulnerable to EDCs with potential to alter 
      lifelong reproductive function.
FAU - Ottinger, Mary Ann
AU  - Ottinger MA
AD  - Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 
      20742, USA. maottinger@umresearch.umd.edu
FAU - Lavoie, Emma T
AU  - Lavoie ET
FAU - Thompson, Nicola
AU  - Thompson N
FAU - Bohannon, Meredith
AU  - Bohannon M
FAU - Dean, Karen
AU  - Dean K
FAU - Quinn, Michael J Jr
AU  - Quinn MJ Jr
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PT  - Review
DEP - 20090518
PL  - United States
TA  - Gen Comp Endocrinol
JT  - General and comparative endocrinology
JID - 0370735
RN  - 0 (Endocrine Disruptors)
RN  - 33515-09-2 (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Coturnix/embryology/metabolism/*physiology
MH  - Endocrine Disruptors/*toxicity
MH  - Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/*metabolism
MH  - Hypothalamus/*drug effects
MH  - Reproduction/*drug effects
RF  - 50
EDAT- 2009/05/22 09:00
MHDA- 2009/09/30 06:00
CRDT- 2009/05/22 09:00
PHST- 2009/01/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2009/05/09 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2009/05/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2009/05/22 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/05/22 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/09/30 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0016-6480(09)00213-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.05.007 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2009 Sep 1;163(1-2):104-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.05.007. 
      Epub 2009 May 18.