PMID- 19465135
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20091009
LR  - 20220317
IS  - 1095-9572 (Electronic)
IS  - 1053-8119 (Print)
IS  - 1053-8119 (Linking)
VI  - 47
IP  - 3
DP  - 2009 Sep
TI  - Brain mediators of cardiovascular responses to social threat, part II: 
      Prefrontal-subcortical pathways and relationship with anxiety.
PG  - 836-51
LID - 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.044 [doi]
AB  - Social evaluative threat (SET) is a potent stressor in humans that causes 
      autonomic changes, endocrine responses, and multiple health problems. 
      Neuroimaging has recently begun to elucidate the brain correlates of SET, but as 
      yet little is known about the mediating cortical-brainstem pathways in humans. 
      This paper replicates and extends findings in a companion paper (Wager et al., 
      2009) using an independent cohort of participants and different image acquisition 
      parameters. Here, we focused specifically on relationships between the medial 
      prefrontal cortex (MPFC), midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG), and heart rate 
      (HR). We applied multi-level path analysis to localize brain mediators of SET 
      effects on HR and self-reported anxiety. HR responses were mediated by opposing 
      signals in two distinct sub-regions of the MPFC-increases in rostral dorsal 
      anterior cingulate cortex (rdACC) and de-activation in ventromedial prefrontal 
      cortex (vmPFC). In addition, HR responses were mediated by PAG. Additional path 
      analyses provided support for two cortical-subcortical pathways: one linking 
      vmPFC, PAG, and HR, and another linking rdACC, thalamus, and HR. PAG responses 
      were linked with HR changes both before and during SET, whereas cortical regions 
      showed stronger connectivity with HR during threat. Self-reported anxiety showed 
      a partially overlapping, but weaker, pattern of mediators, including the vmPFC, 
      dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and lateral frontal cortex, as well as substantial 
      individual differences that were largely unexplained. Taken together, these data 
      suggest pathways for the translation of social threats into both physiological 
      and experiential responses, and provide targets for future research on the 
      generation and regulation of emotion.
FAU - Wager, Tor D
AU  - Wager TD
AD  - Department of Psychology, Columbia University, 1190 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY 
      10027, USA. tor@psych.columbia.edu
FAU - van Ast, Vanessa A
AU  - van Ast VA
FAU - Hughes, Brent L
AU  - Hughes BL
FAU - Davidson, Matthew L
AU  - Davidson ML
FAU - Lindquist, Martin A
AU  - Lindquist MA
FAU - Ochsner, Kevin N
AU  - Ochsner KN
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 MH076137/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - MH076137/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH076136-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - MH076136/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 HD069178/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH076136-01A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH076136-03/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH076136/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - MH082308/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R21 MH082308/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20090522
PL  - United States
TA  - Neuroimage
JT  - NeuroImage
JID - 9215515
SB  - IM
MH  - Anxiety/*physiopathology
MH  - Autonomic Nervous System/physiopathology
MH  - Brain Mapping/*methods
MH  - Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena
MH  - Female
MH  - Heart Rate/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MH  - Male
MH  - Periaqueductal Gray/*physiology
MH  - Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC4169880
MID - NIHMS162287
EDAT- 2009/05/26 09:00
MHDA- 2009/10/10 06:00
PMCR- 2014/09/21
CRDT- 2009/05/26 09:00
PHST- 2009/02/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2009/05/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2009/05/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2009/05/26 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/05/26 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/10/10 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/09/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S1053-8119(09)00556-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.044 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuroimage. 2009 Sep;47(3):836-51. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.044. Epub 
      2009 May 22.