PMID- 19485933
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100802
LR  - 20220316
IS  - 1875-6212 (Electronic)
IS  - 1570-1611 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 1
DP  - 2010 Jan
TI  - Hyperhomocysteinemia and sudden cardiac death: potential arrhythmogenic 
      mechanisms.
PG  - 64-74
AB  - Elevated levels of serum homocysteine (Hcy) resulting in hyperhomocysteinemia 
      (HHcy) have been implicated in cardiac pathological conditions including: 
      coronary heart disease (CHD), acute myocardial infarction, arrhythmogenesis and 
      sudden cardiac death (SCD). The mechanisms by which HHcy leads to 
      arrhythmogenesis and SCD are unknown. Novel findings indicate that Hcy is an 
      agonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R), known to be present in 
      cardiac tissue, and when activated, increases intracellular calcium leading to 
      increased cell excitability. Also, HHcy induces oxidative stress in cardiac cells 
      and activates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that degrade cell membranes and 
      proteins. Here we review the literature relevant to HHcy-induced oxidative stress 
      leading to cardiac tissue remodelling that may adversely affect cell-to-cell 
      impulse conduction, in particular on the heart's specialized conduction system, 
      and may provide substrate for arrhythmogenesis and SCD. Efficacy of B vitamin 
      supplementation in patient populations with HHcy and CHD is also reviewed.
FAU - Maldonado, Claudio
AU  - Maldonado C
AD  - Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Department of Surgery, University of 
      Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA. cjmald01@louisville.edu
FAU - Soni, Chirag V
AU  - Soni CV
FAU - Todnem, Nathan D
AU  - Todnem ND
FAU - Pushpakumar, Sathnur
AU  - Pushpakumar S
FAU - Rosenberger, Dorothea
AU  - Rosenberger D
FAU - Givvimani, Srikanth
AU  - Givvimani S
FAU - Villafane, Juan
AU  - Villafane J
FAU - Tyagi, Suresh C
AU  - Tyagi SC
LA  - eng
GR  - HL-88012/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Review
PL  - United Arab Emirates
TA  - Curr Vasc Pharmacol
JT  - Current vascular pharmacology
JID - 101157208
RN  - 0 (Connexins)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate)
RN  - 0LVT1QZ0BA (Homocysteine)
RN  - 12001-76-2 (Vitamin B Complex)
RN  - EC 3.4.24.- (Matrix Metalloproteinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Arrhythmias, Cardiac/*etiology/*physiopathology/prevention & control
MH  - Calcium Signaling/physiology
MH  - Connexins/physiology
MH  - Coronary Disease/therapy
MH  - Death, Sudden, Cardiac/*etiology/prevention & control
MH  - Dietary Supplements
MH  - Heart/physiopathology
MH  - Heart Conduction System/physiopathology
MH  - Homocysteine/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hyperhomocysteinemia/*complications/metabolism/*physiopathology/therapy
MH  - Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism
MH  - Myocardium/enzymology/metabolism
MH  - Oxidative Stress/physiology
MH  - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/agonists
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Vitamin B Complex/therapeutic use
RF  - 108
EDAT- 2009/06/03 09:00
MHDA- 2010/08/03 06:00
CRDT- 2009/06/03 09:00
PHST- 2009/11/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2009/03/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2009/06/03 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/06/03 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/08/03 06:00 [medline]
AID - CVP-Abs-006 [pii]
AID - 10.2174/157016110790226552 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2010 Jan;8(1):64-74. doi: 10.2174/157016110790226552.