PMID- 19493664
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090925
LR  - 20161125
IS  - 1879-0372 (Electronic)
IS  - 0952-7915 (Linking)
VI  - 21
IP  - 3
DP  - 2009 Jun
TI  - Immunology of TLR-independent vaccine adjuvants.
PG  - 339-45
LID - 10.1016/j.coi.2009.05.003 [doi]
AB  - Vaccine adjuvants target the innate immune system to enhance the immunogenicity 
      of coadministered antigens. Dendritic cells (DCs) are responsible for antigen 
      uptake and presentation to naive T cells and represent a key target of adjuvant 
      activity. Adjuvants derived from microbial components, such as Toll-like receptor 
      (TLR) agonists, elicit innate immune receptors expressed by DCs. By contrast, 
      particulate adjuvants, like mineral salts, oil-in-water emulsions, and 
      microparticles, do not activate DCs directly, and their mechanism of action is 
      poorly characterized. In the last two years it has been reported that particulate 
      adjuvants induce chemokine production in accessory cells like macrophages, 
      monocytes, and granulocytes, leading to cell recruitment at injection site 
      followed by the differentiation of monocytes into activated DCs. The NLRP3 
      inflammasome complex is one of the molecular targets of particulate adjuvants and 
      it is required for alum adjuvanticity. Other TLR-independent adjuvants were found 
      to target DCs directly or by other accessory cells like iNKT or mast cells. These 
      findings highlight that the activation of DCs plays a central role in the 
      mechanism of action of all classes of vaccine adjuvants but can occur by a 
      multitude of different pathways and cellular interactions.
FAU - De Gregorio, Ennio
AU  - De Gregorio E
AD  - Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Siena, Italy. ennio.de_gregorio@novartis.com
FAU - D'Oro, Ugo
AU  - D'Oro U
FAU - Wack, Andreas
AU  - Wack A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20090601
PL  - England
TA  - Curr Opin Immunol
JT  - Current opinion in immunology
JID - 8900118
RN  - 0 (Adjuvants, Immunologic)
RN  - 0 (Alum Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Carrier Proteins)
RN  - 0 (NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein)
RN  - 0 (NLRP3 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Toll-Like Receptors)
RN  - 34S289N54E (aluminum sulfate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adjuvants, Immunologic/*pharmacology
MH  - Alum Compounds/pharmacology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Carrier Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Dendritic Cells/*drug effects/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunity, Innate/drug effects/immunology
MH  - NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein
MH  - Toll-Like Receptors/*metabolism
RF  - 69
EDAT- 2009/06/06 09:00
MHDA- 2009/09/26 06:00
CRDT- 2009/06/05 09:00
PHST- 2009/03/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2009/05/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2009/06/05 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/06/06 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/09/26 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0952-7915(09)00084-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.coi.2009.05.003 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Opin Immunol. 2009 Jun;21(3):339-45. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2009.05.003. Epub 
      2009 Jun 1.