PMID- 19508901
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100301
LR  - 20181201
IS  - 1878-1705 (Electronic)
IS  - 1567-5769 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 10
DP  - 2009 Sep
TI  - The anti-inflammatory pharmacology of Pycnogenol in humans involves COX-2 and 
      5-LOX mRNA expression in leukocytes.
PG  - 1145-9
LID - 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.06.001 [doi]
AB  - We investigated the effects of Pycnogenol supplementation on the arachidonic acid 
      pathway in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) in response to an 
      inflammatory stimulus. Pycnogenol is a standardised extract of French maritime 
      pine bark consisting of procyanidins and polyphenolic monomers. Healthy 
      volunteers aged 35 to 50 years were supplemented with 150 mg Pycnogenol a day for 
      five days. Before and after the final day of supplementation, blood was drawn and 
      PMNL were isolated. PMNL were primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and stimulated 
      with the receptor-mediated agonist formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) 
      to activate the arachidonic acid pathway and the biosynthesis of leukotrienes, 
      thromboxane and prostaglandins. Pycnogenol supplementation inhibited 
      5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression and 
      phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity. This effect was associated with a compensatory 
      up-regulation of COX-1 gene expression. Interestingly, Pycnogenol suspended the 
      interdependency between 5-LOX and 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) 
      expression. Pycnogenol supplementation reduced leukotriene production but did not 
      leave prostaglandins unaltered, which we attribute to a decline of COX-2 activity 
      in favour of COX-1. Here we show for the first time that Pycnogenol 
      supplementation simultaneously inhibits COX-2 and 5-LOX gene expression and 
      reduces leukotriene biosynthesis in human PMNL upon pro-inflammatory stimulation 
      ex vivo.
FAU - Canali, Raffaella
AU  - Canali R
AD  - National Research Institute for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy. canali@inran.it
FAU - Comitato, Raffaella
AU  - Comitato R
FAU - Schonlau, Frank
AU  - Schonlau F
FAU - Virgili, Fabio
AU  - Virgili F
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20090607
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Int Immunopharmacol
JT  - International immunopharmacology
JID - 100965259
RN  - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents)
RN  - 0 (Arachidonic Acids)
RN  - 0 (Flavonoids)
RN  - 0 (Lipopolysaccharides)
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 50JZ5Z98QY (pycnogenols)
RN  - EC 1.13.11.34 (Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase)
RN  - EC 1.14.99.1 (Cyclooxygenase 1)
RN  - EC 1.14.99.1 (Cyclooxygenase 2)
RN  - EC 1.14.99.1 (PTGS2 protein, human)
RN  - EC 3.1.1.4 (Phospholipases A2)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Anti-Inflammatory Agents/*administration & dosage
MH  - Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase/genetics/immunology/*metabolism
MH  - Arachidonic Acids/metabolism
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Cyclooxygenase 1/genetics/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics/immunology/*metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - Flavonoids/*administration & dosage
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects/immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lipopolysaccharides/immunology
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Neutrophils/*drug effects/enzymology/immunology/pathology
MH  - Phospholipases A2/genetics/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Plant Extracts
MH  - RNA, Messenger/analysis
EDAT- 2009/06/11 09:00
MHDA- 2010/03/02 06:00
CRDT- 2009/06/11 09:00
PHST- 2009/05/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2009/06/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2009/06/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2009/06/11 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/06/11 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/03/02 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1567-5769(09)00195-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.06.001 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int Immunopharmacol. 2009 Sep;9(10):1145-9. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.06.001. 
      Epub 2009 Jun 7.