PMID- 19519159
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20091105
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1547-6901 (Electronic)
IS  - 1547-691X (Linking)
VI  - 6
IP  - 1
DP  - 2009 Mar
TI  - Evaluation of irritancy and sensitization potential of metalworking fluid 
      mixtures and components.
PG  - 19-29
LID - 10.1080/15476910802604291 [doi]
AB  - There are approximately 1.2 million workers exposed to metalworking fluids (MWF), 
      which are used to reduce the heat and friction associated with industrial 
      machining and grinding operations. Irritancy and sensitization potential of 9 
      National Toxicology Program (NTP) nominated MWFs (TRIM 229, TRIM VX, TRIM SC210, 
      CIMTECH 310, CIMPERIAL 1070, CIMSTAR 3800, SYNTILO 1023, SUPEREDGE 6768, and 
      CLEAREDGE 6584) were examined in a combined local lymph node assay (LLNA). BALB/c 
      mice were dermally exposed to each MWF at concentrations up to 50%. Significant 
      irritation was observed after dermal exposure to all MWFs except CIMTECH 310 and 
      SYNTILO 1023. Of the 9 MWFs, 6 induced greater than a 3-fold increase in 
      lymphocyte proliferation and 7 tested positive in the irritancy assay. TRIM VX 
      yielded the lowest EC3 value (6.9%) with respect to lymphocyte proliferation. 
      Chemical components of TRIM VX identified using HPLC were screened for 
      sensitization potential using structural activity relationship (SAR) modeling and 
      the LLNA. TOPKAT predicted triethanolamine (TEA) as a sensitizer while Derek for 
      Windows predicted only 4-chloro-3-methylphenol (CMP) to be positive for 
      sensitization. When tested in the LLNA only CMP (EC3 = 11.6%) and oleic acid (OA) 
      (EC3 = 29.7%) were identified as sensitizers. Exposure to all tested TRIM VX 
      components resulted in statistically significant irritation. An additive 
      proliferative response was observed when mixtures of the two identified 
      sensitizing TRIM VX components, OA and CMP, were tested in the LLNA. This is one 
      explanation of why the EC3 value of TRIM VX, with respect to lymphocyte 
      proliferation, is lower than those assigned to its sensitizing components.
FAU - Anderson, Stacey E
AU  - Anderson SE
AD  - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 
      26505, USA. sanderson4@cdc.gov
FAU - Brown, Kenneth K
AU  - Brown KK
FAU - Butterworth, Leon F
AU  - Butterworth LF
FAU - Fedorowicz, Adam
AU  - Fedorowicz A
FAU - Jackson, Laurel G
AU  - Jackson LG
FAU - Frasch, H Fred
AU  - Frasch HF
FAU - Beezhold, Don
AU  - Beezhold D
FAU - Munson, Albert E
AU  - Munson AE
FAU - Meade, B J
AU  - Meade BJ
LA  - eng
GR  - Y1-ES-0001/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Evaluation Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - England
TA  - J Immunotoxicol
JT  - Journal of immunotoxicology
JID - 101201960
RN  - 0 (3-methyl-4-chlorophenol)
RN  - 0 (Allergens)
RN  - 0 (Chlorophenols)
RN  - 0 (Cyclohexane Monoterpenes)
RN  - 0 (Cyclohexenes)
RN  - 0 (Ethanolamines)
RN  - 0 (Irritants)
RN  - 0 (Monoterpenes)
RN  - 0 (Organic Chemicals)
RN  - 21334LVV8W (alpha-terpineol)
RN  - 2UMI9U37CP (Oleic Acid)
RN  - 9O3K93S3TK (triethanolamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Allergens/immunology/toxicity
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Proliferation/drug effects
MH  - Chlorophenols/immunology/pharmacology
MH  - Cyclohexane Monoterpenes
MH  - Cyclohexenes/pharmacology
MH  - Dermatitis, Contact/*immunology/*pathology
MH  - Ear Auricle/drug effects/immunology/pathology
MH  - Ethanolamines/pharmacology
MH  - Female
MH  - Irritants/immunology/*toxicity
MH  - Lymph Nodes/cytology/drug effects/immunology
MH  - Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects/immunology
MH  - *Metallurgy
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Monoterpenes/pharmacology
MH  - Occupational Exposure/adverse effects
MH  - Oleic Acid/immunology/pharmacology
MH  - Organic Chemicals/*immunology/*toxicity
MH  - *Skin Irritancy Tests
MH  - Structure-Activity Relationship
EDAT- 2009/06/13 09:00
MHDA- 2009/11/06 06:00
CRDT- 2009/06/13 09:00
PHST- 2009/06/13 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/06/13 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/11/06 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1080/15476910802604291 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Immunotoxicol. 2009 Mar;6(1):19-29. doi: 10.1080/15476910802604291.