PMID- 19530126
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20091102
LR  - 20220330
IS  - 1098-2345 (Electronic)
IS  - 0275-2565 (Print)
IS  - 0275-2565 (Linking)
VI  - 71
IP  - 9
DP  - 2009 Sep
TI  - Primate models in women's health: inflammation and atherogenesis in female 
      cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis).
PG  - 766-75
LID - 10.1002/ajp.20722 [doi]
AB  - Female cynomolgus monkeys are excellent models for understanding cardiovascular 
      disease and the relationships between inflammatory processes and conditions such 
      as atherogenesis. This review summarizes published research findings obtained 
      through comprehensive, multidisciplinary, multi-investigator studies in nonhuman 
      primates over the past two decades. These studies examined the effects of 
      exogenous estrogens and dietary soy protein/isoflavones (IFs) on atherosclerosis, 
      circulating biomarkers, and tissue inflammation in pre- and postmenopausal female 
      cynomolgus monkeys. Inflammation may play a role in the initiation and 
      progression of disease, be a consequence of the disease, or both. Circulating and 
      tissue biomarkers with inflammatory and anti-inflammatory characteristics 
      (including adhesion molecules such as e-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1, chemokines 
      such as MCP-1, cytokines such as interleukins, and acute phase reactants such as 
      CRP, and others) may be useful indicators of disease status. Treatment of 
      postmenopausal subjects with estrogen resulted in significant reductions in 
      several key inflammatory mediators as well as atherosclerosis, while dietary IF 
      had a more limited effect on inflammation and atherogenesis. Circulating 
      concentrations of key inflammatory proteins, including monocyte-chemoattractant 
      protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were associated with atherosclerosis 
      and lesion characteristics in these animals. In premenopausal female monkeys, a 
      diet enriched in soy protein reduced arterial inflammation as well as 
      atherogenesis in comparison to a diet enriched in casein-lactalbumin. Expression 
      levels of arterial inflammation associated genes (MCP-1, ICAM-1) and markers for 
      inflammatory cell types (macrophages and T cells) correlated with plaque size, 
      were differentially influenced by treatments, and represent potential targets for 
      interventions. Arterial expression of estrogen receptor alpha, the key mediator 
      of estrogenic effects, was inversely correlated with plaque size and indices of 
      inflammation, suggestive of an atheroprotective role. The findings provide 
      additional evidence that circulating inflammatory markers (particularly MCP-1) 
      may be useful indicators of atherosclerotic disease progression and responses to 
      treatment in female primates, and that estrogens and dietary soy may inhibit 
      atherogenesis in part through anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
FAU - Register, Thomas C
AU  - Register TC
AD  - Wake Forest University Primate Center, Department of Pathology, Section on 
      Comparative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1040, USA. 
      register@wfubmc.edu
LA  - eng
GR  - R03 AG018170-01/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - RR020890/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R03 AG018170/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P01 HL045666-09A1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - S10 RR020890/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P01 HL045666-080001/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P01 HL045666/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 AG028641/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 AG028641-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - HL45666/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P01 HL045666-120007/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P01 HL045666-13/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 HL079421-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - HL79421/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - AG28641/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 HL079421-03/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P01 HL045666-12/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - AA11204/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 HL079421-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 HL079421/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Am J Primatol
JT  - American journal of primatology
JID - 8108949
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Estrogens)
RN  - 0 (Isoflavones)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Atherosclerosis/drug therapy/*metabolism
MH  - Biomarkers/blood
MH  - *Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Estrogens/*metabolism/therapeutic use
MH  - Female
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inflammation/drug therapy/*metabolism
MH  - Isoflavones/*metabolism/therapeutic use
MH  - *Macaca fascicularis
MH  - *Women's Health
PMC - PMC3753776
MID - NIHMS175695
EDAT- 2009/06/17 09:00
MHDA- 2009/11/03 06:00
PMCR- 2013/08/27
CRDT- 2009/06/17 09:00
PHST- 2009/06/17 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/06/17 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/11/03 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2013/08/27 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1002/ajp.20722 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Am J Primatol. 2009 Sep;71(9):766-75. doi: 10.1002/ajp.20722.