PMID- 19534141
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090707
LR  - 20190715
IS  - 0013-936X (Print)
IS  - 0013-936X (Linking)
VI  - 43
IP  - 9
DP  - 2009 May 1
TI  - Capabilities of direct sample introduction--comprehensive two-dimensional gas 
      chromatography--time-of-flight mass spectrometry to analyze organic chemicals of 
      interest in fish oils.
PG  - 3240-7
AB  - Most analytical methods for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) focus on 
      individual groups of targeted analytes. Therefore, analysis of multiple classes 
      of POPs typically entails several sample preparations, fractionations, and 
      injections, whereas other chemicals of possible interest are neglected or lost. 
      To analyze a wider scope of organic contaminants in fish oil, we developed an 
      approach to combine the analysis of targeted and untargeted chemicals using an 
      automated direct sample introduction (DSI) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas 
      chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC x GC/ ToF-MS). DSI-GC x 
      GC/ToF-MS is a powerful tool that attains high quality separations to achieve 
      high selectivity while still providing a wide analytical scope with minimal 
      sample preparation, especially in conjunction with DSr's high tolerance to dirty 
      extracts. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was used for initial separation of 
      lipids from POPs and other GC-amenable organic compounds from dietary cod liver 
      oil. For comparison purposes, additional cleanup of the GPC extracts was done by 
      silica adsorption and acidification, which helped provide clues in the 
      identification of untargeted compounds, but in routine analysis, only GPC is 
      needed for this analytical approach. The approach allowed simultaneous 
      identification of known-POPs in the fish liver oils, and further permitted 
      presumptive identifications of multiple groups of halogenated natural products 
      (HNPs) and other organic chemicals of interest through comparisons of the mass 
      spectra from analyses with those from mass spectral libraries and/or reports in 
      the literature (approximately 60 PCB congeners and 76 compounds in total). 
      Subsequent confirmations were made by reanalysis and comparison of 
      chromatographic retention times and mass spectra with contemporaneously analyzed 
      reference standards. Otherwise, ion fragmentation patterns of unknown compounds 
      were assessed for tentative identifications. Some of the HNPs in the fish oils 
      were detected and identified for the first time. Our study demonstrates that the 
      wide monitoring scope provided by the DSI-GC x GC/ToF-MS method after GPC 
      provides many logistical and performance advantages over the conventional use of 
      several different methods designed for individual classes of targeted analytes 
      after extensive sample preparation.
FAU - Hoh, Eunha
AU  - Hoh E
AD  - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional 
      Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. 
      ehoh@mail.sdsu.edu
FAU - Lehotay, Steven J
AU  - Lehotay SJ
FAU - Mastovska, Katerina
AU  - Mastovska K
FAU - Ngo, Helen L
AU  - Ngo HL
FAU - Vetter, Walter
AU  - Vetter W
FAU - Pangallo, Kristin C
AU  - Pangallo KC
FAU - Reddy, Christopher M
AU  - Reddy CM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Sci Technol
JT  - Environmental science & technology
JID - 0213155
RN  - 0 (5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl)
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Fish Oils)
RN  - 0 (Flame Retardants)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Halogenated)
RN  - 0 (Organic Chemicals)
RN  - 551W113ZEP (2,2'-Dipyridyl)
RN  - 68991-43-5 (salmon oil)
RN  - 8001-69-2 (Cod Liver Oil)
SB  - IM
MH  - 2,2'-Dipyridyl/analogs & derivatives/analysis
MH  - Chromatography, Gas/*methods
MH  - Cod Liver Oil/chemistry
MH  - Dietary Supplements/analysis
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/analysis
MH  - Fish Oils/*chemistry
MH  - Flame Retardants/analysis
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated/analysis
MH  - Laboratories
MH  - *Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Organic Chemicals/*analysis
EDAT- 2009/06/19 09:00
MHDA- 2009/07/08 09:00
CRDT- 2009/06/19 09:00
PHST- 2009/06/19 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/06/19 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/07/08 09:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1021/es803486x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Technol. 2009 May 1;43(9):3240-7. doi: 10.1021/es803486x.