PMID- 19578474
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090821
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1878-0180 (Electronic)
IS  - 1751-6161 (Print)
IS  - 1878-0180 (Linking)
VI  - 1
IP  - 3
DP  - 2008 Jul
TI  - Effects of the reinforcement morphology on the fatigue properties of 
      hydroxyapatite reinforced polymers.
PG  - 261-8
LID - 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2008.01.004 [doi]
AB  - The objective of this study was to examine the effects of the hydroxyapatite (HA) 
      reinforcement morphology and content on the fatigue behavior of HA reinforced 
      high density polyethylene (HDPE). To this end, HDPE was reinforced with 20 and 40 
      vol% of either HA whiskers or an equiaxed HA powder, and tested in four-point 
      bending fatigue under simulated physiological conditions. The fatigue life, 
      mechanical property degradation and failure surfaces were compared between 
      experimental groups. HDPE reinforced with HA whiskers exhibited a four- to 
      five-fold increase (p < 0.001, T-test) in fatigue life compared to an equiaxed 
      powder for either the 20 and 40 vol% reinforcement level. Composites containing 
      40 vol% HA exhibited decreased fatigue life compared to those with 20 vol% HA for 
      either reinforcement morphology (p < 0.0001, ANOVA). HA whisker reinforced HDPE 
      exhibited less stiffness loss, permanent deformation (creep) and energy 
      dissipation at a given number of cycles compared to HA powder. Thus, HA whisker 
      reinforced HDPE was more tolerant of fatigue damage due to either microcracking 
      or polymer plasticity. Scanning electron microscopy of failure surfaces and 
      surface microcracks showed evidence of toughening by uncracked ligaments, crack 
      tip plasticity, polymer fibril bridging and HA whisker pullout. The results of 
      this study suggest that the use of HA whiskers, in place of HA powder, is a 
      straightforward means to improve the fatigue life and damage tolerance of HA 
      reinforced polymers for synthetic bone substitutes.
FAU - Kane, Robert J
AU  - Kane RJ
AD  - Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Notre Dame, 
      Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA. rroeder@nd.edu
FAU - Converse, Gabriel L
AU  - Converse GL
FAU - Roeder, Ryan K
AU  - Roeder RK
LA  - eng
GR  - R21 AR049598-03/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R21 AR049598/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - AR049598/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R21 AR049598-01/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R21 AR049598-02/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Mech Behav Biomed Mater
JT  - Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials
JID - 101322406
RN  - 0 (Biocompatible Materials)
RN  - 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene)
RN  - 91D9GV0Z28 (Durapatite)
SB  - IM
MH  - Biocompatible Materials/*chemistry
MH  - Compressive Strength
MH  - Durapatite/*chemistry
MH  - Elasticity
MH  - Hardness
MH  - *Materials Testing
MH  - Polyethylene/*chemistry
MH  - Tensile Strength
PMC - PMC2597830
MID - NIHMS57621
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Biocomposite
OT  - Creep
OT  - Damage
OT  - Fatigue
OT  - Hydroxyapatite
OT  - Morphology
OT  - Polyethylene
OT  - Whisker
EDAT- 2009/07/07 09:00
MHDA- 2009/08/22 09:00
PMCR- 2009/07/01
CRDT- 2009/07/07 09:00
PHST- 2009/07/07 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/07/07 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/08/22 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2009/07/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S1751-6161(08)00005-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2008.01.004 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2008 Jul;1(3):261-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2008.01.004.