PMID- 19580875
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20091028
LR  - 20220317
IS  - 1095-9572 (Electronic)
IS  - 1053-8119 (Print)
IS  - 1053-8119 (Linking)
VI  - 48
IP  - 2
DP  - 2009 Nov 1
TI  - Linearity of blood-oxygenation-level dependent signal at microvasculature.
PG  - 313-8
LID - 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.071 [doi]
AB  - The relationship between the blood-oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) signal and 
      its underlying neuronal activity is still inconclusive. The task of completely 
      understanding this relationship has been encumbered not only by the complexity of 
      neuronal responses, but also by nonlinear characteristics of the vascular 
      response that are not correlated to neural activity. Repeated stimuli inducing 
      replicable neural responses led to successively smaller BOLD amplitudes and 
      delayed BOLD onset latencies when inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs) are shorter 
      than 4-6 s, indicating significant nonlinearity between the BOLD signal and the 
      underlying neuronal activity. We have provided evidence that large-vessel BOLD 
      contributions could be the source of the nonlinearity (Zhang, N., Zhu, X.H., 
      Chen, W., 2008b. Investigating the source of BOLD nonlinearity in human visual 
      cortex in response to paired visual stimuli. Neuroimage 43, 204-212). By 
      utilizing the spin-echo (SE) BOLD fMRI method at high magnetic fields to suppress 
      large-vessel BOLD contributions, we found that the BOLD signal from the 
      micro-vascular activity is replicable in response to replicated neuronal 
      activities even at ISIs as short as approximately 1 s, suggesting that the 
      micro-vascular BOLD activity is essentially a linear system. These results 
      indicate that micro-vascular BOLD signals should provide an accurate estimate of 
      the amplitude of neuronal activity changes. Consequently, the findings are 
      important in understanding and resolving the controversy in the neurovascular 
      coupling relationship. In addition, the difference in BOLD response times between 
      macro- and micro-vascular activities demonstrated herein will have a significant 
      impact on functional connectivity and causality studies. Moreover, SE fMRI at 
      high fields, due to its capability of accurately representing the strength of 
      neural activity as well as its previously shown high spatial specificity to 
      activated brain regions, is an ideal choice for mapping brain function and 
      quantifying the stimulus-evoked brain activity noninvasively.
FAU - Zhang, Nanyin
AU  - Zhang N
AD  - Center for Comparative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of 
      Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA. nanyin.zhang@umassmed.edu
FAU - Yacoub, Essa
AU  - Yacoub E
FAU - Zhu, Xiao-Hong
AU  - Zhu XH
FAU - Ugurbil, Kamil
AU  - Ugurbil K
FAU - Chen, Wei
AU  - Chen W
LA  - eng
GR  - P41 RR08079/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P41 RR008079/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 EB000331/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 EB000331-07/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P30NS057091/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P30 NS057091-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P30 NS057091/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - EB00513/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 NS041262-08/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - MH70800/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH070800-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 EB000513/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R56 MH070800/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R56 EB000331/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States
GR  - EB00329/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 EB000329/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States
GR  - NS41262/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 NS041262-07/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - EB000331/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P41 RR008079-16/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 EB000513-05/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH070800/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 EB000329-04/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 NS041262/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20090704
PL  - United States
TA  - Neuroimage
JT  - NeuroImage
JID - 9215515
RN  - S88TT14065 (Oxygen)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - *Cerebrovascular Circulation
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Linear Models
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
MH  - Male
MH  - Microvessels/*physiology
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Neurons/physiology
MH  - Oxygen/*blood
MH  - Photic Stimulation
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Visual Cortex/blood supply/*physiology
MH  - Visual Perception/physiology
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC2760467
MID - NIHMS130599
EDAT- 2009/07/08 09:00
MHDA- 2009/10/29 06:00
PMCR- 2010/11/01
CRDT- 2009/07/08 09:00
PHST- 2009/03/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2009/05/31 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2009/06/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2009/07/08 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/07/08 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/10/29 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2010/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S1053-8119(09)00712-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.071 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuroimage. 2009 Nov 1;48(2):313-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.071. Epub 
      2009 Jul 4.