PMID- 19589396
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20091104
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 0006-3002 (Print)
IS  - 0006-3002 (Linking)
VI  - 1791
IP  - 11
DP  - 2009 Nov
TI  - New insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying effects of estrogen on 
      cholesterol gallstone formation.
PG  - 1037-47
LID - 10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.06.006 [doi]
AB  - Epidemiological and clinical studies have found that at all ages women are twice 
      as likely as men to form cholesterol gallstones, and this gender difference 
      begins since puberty and continues through the childbearing years, which 
      highlight the importance of female sex hormones. Estrogen is a crucial hormone in 
      human physiology and regulates a multitude of biological processes. The actions 
      of estrogen have traditionally been ascribed to two closely related classical 
      nuclear hormone receptors, estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and ESR2. Recent studies 
      have revealed that the increased risk for cholesterol gallstones in women vs. men 
      is related to differences in how the liver metabolizes cholesterol in response to 
      estrogen. A large number of human and animal studies have proposed that estrogen 
      increases the risk of developing cholesterol gallstones by increasing the hepatic 
      secretion of biliary cholesterol, which, in turn, leads to an increase in 
      cholesterol saturation of bile. Furthermore, it has been identified that hepatic 
      ESR1, but not ESR2, plays a major role in cholesterol gallstone formation in mice 
      in response to high doses of 17beta-estradiol. The mechanisms mediating 
      estrogen's action have become more complicated with the recent identification of 
      a novel estrogen receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), a member of the 
      seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. In this review, we 
      provide an overview of the evidence for the lithogenic actions of estrogen 
      through ESR1 and discuss the cellular and physiological actions of GPR30 in 
      estrogen-dependent processes and the relationship between GPR30 and classical 
      ESR1 on gallstone formation.
FAU - Wang, Helen H
AU  - Wang HH
AD  - Department of Medicine, Liver Center and Gastroenterology Division, Beth Israel 
      Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Digestive Diseases 
      Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
FAU - Liu, Min
AU  - Liu M
FAU - Clegg, Deborah J
AU  - Clegg DJ
FAU - Portincasa, Piero
AU  - Portincasa P
FAU - Wang, David Q-H
AU  - Wang DQ
LA  - eng
GR  - DK73917/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DK070992/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DK054012/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DK054012-11/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DK073917/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DK70992/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DK070992-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DK073917-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DK54012/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DK106249/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20090706
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Biochim Biophys Acta
JT  - Biochimica et biophysica acta
JID - 0217513
RN  - 0 (Estrogens)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Estrogen)
RN  - 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cholesterol/*metabolism
MH  - Estrogens/chemistry/*metabolism
MH  - Gallstones/epidemiology/*etiology/*metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
MH  - Sex Characteristics
PMC - PMC2756670
MID - NIHMS135164
COIS- Conflict of interest statement: We declare that we have no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2009/07/11 09:00
MHDA- 2009/11/05 06:00
PMCR- 2010/11/01
CRDT- 2009/07/11 09:00
PHST- 2009/05/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2009/06/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2009/06/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2009/07/11 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/07/11 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/11/05 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2010/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S1388-1981(09)00153-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.06.006 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 Nov;1791(11):1037-47. doi: 
      10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.06.006. Epub 2009 Jul 6.