PMID- 19610678
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100819
LR  - 20161018
IS  - 0730-7268 (Print)
IS  - 0730-7268 (Linking)
VI  - 28
IP  - 12
DP  - 2009 Dec
TI  - Pharmaceutical industry effluent diluted 1:500 affects global gene expression, 
      cytochrome P450 1A activity, and plasma phosphate in fish.
PG  - 2639-47
LID - 10.1897/09-120.1 [doi]
AB  - Patancheru, near Hyderabad, India, is a major production site for the global bulk 
      drug market. Approximately 90 manufacturers send their wastewater to a common 
      treatment plant in Patancheru. Extraordinary high levels of a wide range of 
      pharmaceuticals have recently been demonstrated in the treated effluent. As 
      little as 0.2% of this effluent can strongly reduce the growth rate of tadpoles, 
      but the underlying mechanisms of toxicity are not known. To begin addressing how 
      the effluent affects aquatic vertebrates, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 
      were exposed to 0.2% effluent for 5 d. Several physiological endpoints, together 
      with effects on global hepatic gene expression patterns, were analyzed. The 
      exposed fish showed both an induction of hepatic cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) gene 
      expression, as well as enzyme activity. Clinical blood chemistry analyses 
      revealed an increase in plasma phosphate levels, which in humans indicates 
      impaired kidney function. Several oxidative stress-related genes were induced in 
      the livers; however, no significant changes in antioxidant enzyme activities or 
      in the hepatic glutathione levels were found. Furthermore, estrogen-regulated 
      genes were slightly up-regulated following exposure, and moderate levels of 
      estriol were detected in the effluent. The present study identifies changes in 
      gene expression triggered by exposure to a high dilution of the effluent, 
      supporting the hypothesis that these fish are responding to chemical exposure. 
      The pattern of regulated genes may contribute to the identification of mechanisms 
      of sublethal toxicity, as well as illuminate possible causative agents.
FAU - Gunnarsson, Lina
AU  - Gunnarsson L
AD  - Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University 
      of Goteborg, Goteborg, Sweden.
FAU - Kristiansson, Erik
AU  - Kristiansson E
FAU - Rutgersson, Carolin
AU  - Rutgersson C
FAU - Sturve, Joachim
AU  - Sturve J
FAU - Fick, Jerker
AU  - Fick J
FAU - Forlin, Lars
AU  - Forlin L
FAU - Larsson, D G Joakim
AU  - Larsson DG
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Toxicol Chem
JT  - Environmental toxicology and chemistry
JID - 8308958
RN  - 0 (Estrogen Receptor alpha)
RN  - 0 (Industrial Waste)
RN  - 0 (Phosphates)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - EC 1.14.14.1 (Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/*metabolism
MH  - *Drug Industry
MH  - Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics
MH  - Gene Expression Profiling
MH  - *Industrial Waste
MH  - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
MH  - Oncorhynchus mykiss
MH  - Oxidative Stress
MH  - Phosphates/*blood
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*toxicity
EDAT- 2009/07/21 09:00
MHDA- 2010/08/20 06:00
CRDT- 2009/07/21 09:00
PHST- 2009/03/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2009/06/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2009/07/21 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/07/21 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/08/20 06:00 [medline]
AID - 09-120 [pii]
AID - 10.1897/09-120.1 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Toxicol Chem. 2009 Dec;28(12):2639-47. doi: 10.1897/09-120.1.