PMID- 19616089
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20091203
LR  - 20220309
IS  - 1872-9738 (Electronic)
IS  - 0892-0362 (Print)
IS  - 0892-0362 (Linking)
VI  - 31
IP  - 5
DP  - 2009 Sep-Oct
TI  - Prenatal choline supplementation mitigates the adverse effects of prenatal 
      alcohol exposure on development in rats.
PG  - 303-11
LID - 10.1016/j.ntt.2009.07.002 [doi]
AB  - Prenatal alcohol exposure can lead to a range of physical, neurological, and 
      behavioral alterations referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). 
      Variability in outcome observed among children with FASD is likely related to 
      various pre- and postnatal factors, including nutritional variables. Choline is 
      an essential nutrient that influences brain and behavioral development. Recent 
      animal research indicates that prenatal choline supplementation leads to 
      long-lasting cognitive enhancement, as well as changes in brain morphology, 
      electrophysiology and neurochemistry. The present study examined whether choline 
      supplementation during ethanol exposure effectively reduces fetal alcohol 
      effects. Pregnant dams were exposed to 6.0g/kg/day ethanol via intubation from 
      gestational days (GD) 5-20; pair-fed and lab chow controls were included. During 
      treatment, subjects from each group received choline chloride (250mg/kg/day) or 
      vehicle. Physical development and behavioral development (righting reflex, 
      geotactic reflex, cliff avoidance, reflex suspension and hindlimb coordination) 
      were examined. Subjects prenatally exposed to alcohol exhibited reduced birth 
      weight and brain weight, delays in eye opening and incisor emergence, and 
      alterations in the development of all behaviors. Choline supplementation 
      significantly attenuated ethanol's effects on birth and brain weight, incisor 
      emergence, and most behavioral measures. In fact, behavioral performance of 
      ethanol-exposed subjects treated with choline did not differ from that of 
      controls. Importantly, choline supplementation did not influence peak blood 
      alcohol level or metabolism, indicating that choline's effects were not due to 
      differential alcohol exposure. These data indicate early dietary supplements may 
      reduce the severity of some fetal alcohol effects, findings with important 
      implications for children of women who drink alcohol during pregnancy.
FAU - Thomas, Jennifer D
AU  - Thomas JD
AD  - Department of Psychology, Center for Behavioral Teratology, San Diego State 
      University, San Diego, CA 92120, USA. thomas3@mail.sdsu.edu
FAU - Abou, Elizabeth J
AU  - Abou EJ
FAU - Dominguez, Hector D
AU  - Dominguez HD
LA  - eng
GR  - U24 AA014811/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 AA012446/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U24 AA014811-05/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 AA012446-08/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - AA12446/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - AA014811/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R37 AA012446/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20090716
PL  - United States
TA  - Neurotoxicol Teratol
JT  - Neurotoxicology and teratology
JID - 8709538
RN  - 3K9958V90M (Ethanol)
RN  - N91BDP6H0X (Choline)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Animals, Newborn
MH  - Behavior, Animal/*drug effects
MH  - Body Weight/drug effects
MH  - Brain/embryology
MH  - Choline/administration & dosage/*pharmacology
MH  - Dietary Supplements
MH  - Ethanol/blood/*toxicity
MH  - Female
MH  - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/*prevention & control
MH  - Male
MH  - *Maternal-Fetal Exchange
MH  - Motor Skills/drug effects
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Random Allocation
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Reflex/drug effects
PMC - PMC2952280
MID - NIHMS133028
COIS- Conflict of Interest Statement for Authors None of the authors have any conflicts 
      of interest related to this project.
EDAT- 2009/07/21 09:00
MHDA- 2009/12/16 06:00
PMCR- 2010/10/09
CRDT- 2009/07/21 09:00
PHST- 2008/06/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2009/06/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2009/07/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2009/07/21 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/07/21 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/12/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2010/10/09 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0892-0362(09)00140-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ntt.2009.07.002 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2009 Sep-Oct;31(5):303-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ntt.2009.07.002. 
      Epub 2009 Jul 16.