PMID- 19616536
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100105
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 1879-0712 (Electronic)
IS  - 0014-2999 (Linking)
VI  - 618
IP  - 1-3
DP  - 2009 Sep 15
TI  - MDMA-induced serotonergic neurotoxicity enhances aggressiveness in low- but not 
      high-aggressive rats.
PG  - 22-7
LID - 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.07.006 [doi]
AB  - Ecstasy or 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a frequently (ab)used 
      recreational drug for its acute euphoric effects but on the long-term may cause 
      neurotoxic damage to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) nerve endings in the 
      brain. Since decreased brain 5-HT function has been strongly associated with 
      several impulse control disorders like hostility and violent aggression, ecstasy 
      users might be at risk developing this form of psychopathology. The present study 
      examined the ability of a MDMA administration protocol (3 x 6 mg/kg, with 3h 
      intervals at 25 degrees C ambient temperature), that previously was shown to 
      partially deplete brain serotonin levels, to increase offensive aggressive 
      behavior in male Wild-type Groningen (WTG) rats. This rat strain is known for its 
      broad individual variation in offensive aggression. Resident-intruder aggression 
      was assessed 5 days before and 23 days after MDMA administration. On day 28, MDMA 
      neurotoxicity to 5-HT nerve terminals was assessed by quantification of serotonin 
      reuptake transporter (SERT) immuno-positive axons in defined brain regions. Based 
      on their expressed aggression level in the initial aggression test, rats were 
      divided into low (<10% aggression), high (>50% aggression) or medium aggressive 
      (10-50%) groups. The study demonstrated that MDMA treatment increased 
      aggressiveness in only low aggressive rats and not in medium and high aggressive 
      animals. Irrespective of their initial aggressiveness, MDMA significantly reduced 
      the number of SERT-positive axons in all animals. In conclusion, vulnerability 
      for increased aggression long after a single MDMA treatment is dependent on the 
      individual's trait aggressiveness but not on the degree of MDMA-induced 
      serotonergic neurotoxicity.
FAU - Wallinga, Alinde E
AU  - Wallinga AE
AD  - Department of Behavioral Physiology, Biological Center, University of Groningen, 
      Haren, The Netherlands. A.E.Wallinga@rug.nl
FAU - ten Voorde, Anna M
AU  - ten Voorde AM
FAU - de Boer, Sietse F
AU  - de Boer SF
FAU - Koolhaas, Jaap M
AU  - Koolhaas JM
FAU - Buwalda, Bauke
AU  - Buwalda B
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20090717
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Eur J Pharmacol
JT  - European journal of pharmacology
JID - 1254354
RN  - 0 (Serotonin Agents)
RN  - 333DO1RDJY (Serotonin)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aggression/*drug effects
MH  - Animals
MH  - Behavior, Animal/drug effects
MH  - Drug Administration Schedule
MH  - Female
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - Individuality
MH  - Male
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/administration & dosage/*toxicity
MH  - Neurons/*drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Rats
MH  - Serotonin/*metabolism
MH  - Serotonin Agents/administration & dosage/*toxicity
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2009/07/21 09:00
MHDA- 2010/01/06 06:00
CRDT- 2009/07/21 09:00
PHST- 2008/10/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2009/06/26 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2009/07/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2009/07/21 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/07/21 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/01/06 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0014-2999(09)00598-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.07.006 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Pharmacol. 2009 Sep 15;618(1-3):22-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.07.006. 
      Epub 2009 Jul 17.