PMID- 19630729
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090813
LR  - 20191111
IS  - 1874-4745 (Electronic)
IS  - 1874-4737 (Linking)
VI  - 1
IP  - 3
DP  - 2008 Nov
TI  - Transcranial magnetic stimulation to understand the pathophysiology and treatment 
      of substance use disorders.
PG  - 328-39
AB  - Recent studies support an association between substance use disorders (SUDs) and 
      cortical excitability. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive 
      tool that can be used to assess cortical physiological processes (e.g., 
      inhibition, excitation) and has proven to be a useful diagnostic tool in brain 
      disorders associated with alterations in cortical excitability. In this 
      manuscript, we review studies that employ TMS to evaluate cortical excitability 
      in patients with SUDs. Furthermore, we discuss preliminary studies that examine 
      repetitive TMS (rTMS) as a potential treatment for patients with SUDs. Although 
      the use of TMS to evaluate and to treat those individuals with SUDs is in its 
      early stages, these studies reveal significant alterations in both cortical 
      inhibition and excitation. Specifically, elevated cortical inhibition was 
      reported in both cocaine and nicotine dependent individuals, while one study 
      demonstrated an increase in cortical excitability in those who use 3, 
      4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Furthermore, three studies examining rTMS 
      as a potential treatment in cocaine and nicotine addiction report decreases in 
      the level of cravings and in the number of cigarettes smoked following rTMS 
      administration to the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex. Thus, TMS has provided 
      early interesting findings vis a vis cortical excitability in SUDs. Moreover, 
      preliminary evidence suggests that rTMS is efficacious in the treatment of 
      cocaine and nicotine addiction. Further work is needed to enhance our 
      understanding of the altered neurophysiology in SUDs as well as the ways in which 
      rTMS treatment can be directed to optimize treatment.
FAU - Barr, Mera S
AU  - Barr MS
AD  - Schizophrenia Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of 
      Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
FAU - Fitzgerald, Paul B
AU  - Fitzgerald PB
FAU - Farzan, Faranak
AU  - Farzan F
FAU - George, Tony P
AU  - George TP
FAU - Daskalakis, Zafiris J
AU  - Daskalakis ZJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - United Arab Emirates
TA  - Curr Drug Abuse Rev
JT  - Current drug abuse reviews
JID - 101468123
RN  - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amphetamine-Related Disorders/physiopathology/rehabilitation
MH  - Animals
MH  - Central Nervous System Stimulants
MH  - Cerebral Cortex/drug effects/physiopathology
MH  - Cocaine-Related Disorders/physiopathology/rehabilitation
MH  - Humans
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
MH  - Neural Inhibition/drug effects/physiology
MH  - Substance-Related Disorders/physiopathology/*rehabilitation
MH  - Synaptic Transmission/drug effects/physiology
MH  - Tobacco Use Disorder/physiopathology/rehabilitation
MH  - Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/*methods
MH  - Treatment Outcome
RF  - 106
EDAT- 2009/07/28 09:00
MHDA- 2009/08/14 09:00
CRDT- 2009/07/28 09:00
PHST- 2009/07/28 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/07/28 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/08/14 09:00 [medline]
AID - 10.2174/1874473710801030328 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Drug Abuse Rev. 2008 Nov;1(3):328-39. doi: 10.2174/1874473710801030328.