PMID- 19633311
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20091102
LR  - 20240322
IS  - 1095-8290 (Electronic)
IS  - 0305-7364 (Print)
IS  - 0305-7364 (Linking)
VI  - 104
IP  - 5
DP  - 2009 Oct
TI  - Comparative cytogenetic analysis of the genomes of the model grass Brachypodium 
      distachyon and its close relatives.
PG  - 873-81
LID - 10.1093/aob/mcp179 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Brachypodium is a small genus of temperate grasses that 
      comprises 12-15 species. Brachypodium distachyon is now well established as a 
      model species for temperate cereals and forage grasses. In contrast to B. 
      distachyon, other members of the genus have been poorly investigated at the 
      chromosome level or not at all. METHODS: Twenty accessions comprising six species 
      and two subspecies of Brachypodium were analysed cytogenetically. Measurements of 
      nuclear genome size were made by flow cytometry. Chromosomal localization of 
      18-5.8-25S rDNA and 5S rDNA loci was performed by dual-colour fluorescence in 
      situ hybridization (FISH) on enzymatically digested root-tip meristematic cells. 
      For comparative phylogenetic analyses genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) 
      applied to somatic chromosome preparations was used. KEY RESULTS: All 
      Brachypodium species examined have rather small genomes and chromosomes. Their 
      chromosome numbers and genome sizes vary from 2n = 10 and 0.631 pg/2C in B. 
      distachyon to 2n = 38 and 2.57 pg/2C in B. retusum, respectively. Genotypes with 
      18 and 28 chromosomes were found among B. pinnatum accessions. GISH analysis 
      revealed that B. pinnatum with 28 chromosomes is most likely an interspecific 
      hybrid between B. distachyon (2n = 10) and B. pinnatum (2n = 18). Two other 
      species, B. phoenicoides and B. retusum, are also allopolyploids and B. 
      distachyon or a close relative seems to be one of their putative ancestral 
      species. In chromosomes of all species examined the 45S rDNA loci are distally 
      distributed whereas loci for 5S rDNA are pericentromeric. CONCLUSIONS: The 
      increasing significance of B. distachyon as a model grass emphasizes the need to 
      understand the evolutionary relationships in the genus Brachypodium and to ensure 
      consistency in the biological nomenclature of its species. Modern molecular 
      cytogenetic techniques such as FISH and GISH are suitable for comparative 
      phylogenetic analyses and may provide informative chromosome- and/or 
      genome-specific landmarks.
FAU - Wolny, Elzbieta
AU  - Wolny E
AD  - Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 
      40-032 Katowice, Poland.
FAU - Hasterok, Robert
AU  - Hasterok R
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20090725
PL  - England
TA  - Ann Bot
JT  - Annals of botany
JID - 0372347
RN  - 0 (DNA, Plant)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal)
SB  - IM
MH  - Chromosomes, Plant/genetics
MH  - DNA, Plant/genetics
MH  - Flow Cytometry
MH  - Genome, Plant/*genetics
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Poaceae/*genetics
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal/genetics
PMC - PMC2749528
EDAT- 2009/07/28 09:00
MHDA- 2009/11/03 06:00
PMCR- 2010/10/01
CRDT- 2009/07/28 09:00
PHST- 2009/07/28 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/07/28 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/11/03 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2010/10/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - mcp179 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/aob/mcp179 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ann Bot. 2009 Oct;104(5):873-81. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcp179. Epub 2009 Jul 25.