PMID- 19664576
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20091211
LR  - 20110425
IS  - 1875-2136 (Print)
IS  - 1875-2128 (Linking)
VI  - 102
IP  - 6-7
DP  - 2009 Jun-Jul
TI  - Viral causes of human myocarditis.
PG  - 559-68
LID - 10.1016/j.acvd.2009.04.010 [doi]
AB  - The diagnosis of acute myocarditis is complex and challenging. The use of the 
      Dallas criteria in the diagnosis of myocarditis is associated with poor 
      sensitivity and specificity because of the sampling error related to the often 
      focal distribution of the specific histological lesions in cardiac tissue and the 
      variability in pathological interpretation. To improve histological diagnosis, 
      additional virological evaluation of cardiac tissues is required, with 
      immunohistochemical and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques allowing 
      identification and quantification of viral infection markers. The diagnostic gold 
      standard is endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) with the histological Dallas criteria, in 
      association with new immunohistochemical and PCR analyses of cardiac tissues. 
      Using real-time PCR and reverse transcription PCR assays, parvovirus B19, 
      Coxsackie B virus, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) type B and adenovirus have been 
      detected in 37, 33, 11 and 8% of EMB, respectively, from young adults (aged<35 
      years) with histologically proven acute myocarditis. Viral co-infections have 
      also been found in 12% of acute myocarditis cases, generally parvovirus B19 plus 
      HHV-6. Moreover, herpesviruses such as the Epstein-Barr virus or cytomegalovirus 
      can also be associated with myocarditis after heart transplantation. During the 
      clinical course of myocarditis, the immunohistochemical detection of enterovirus, 
      adenovirus or parvovirus B19 capsid proteins or herpesvirus late proteins is 
      necessary to differentiate a viral cardiac infection with replication activities 
      from a persistent or latent cardiac infection. These new viral diagnostic 
      approaches can lead to better identification of the aetiology of myocarditis and 
      may therefore enable the development and evaluation of specific 
      aetiology-directed treatment strategies.
FAU - Andreoletti, Laurent
AU  - Andreoletti L
AD  - Laboratoire de virologie medicale et moleculaire, hopital Robert-Debre, CHU de 
      Reims, avenue du General-Koenig, 51092 Reims cedex, France. 
      landreoletti@chu-reims.fr
FAU - Leveque, Nicolas
AU  - Leveque N
FAU - Boulagnon, Camille
AU  - Boulagnon C
FAU - Brasselet, Camille
AU  - Brasselet C
FAU - Fornes, Paul
AU  - Fornes P
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20090731
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Arch Cardiovasc Dis
JT  - Archives of cardiovascular diseases
JID - 101465655
RN  - 0 (Antiviral Agents)
RN  - 0 (Autoantibodies)
RN  - 0 (Cardiovascular Agents)
RN  - 0 (Immunosuppressive Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acute Disease
MH  - Adult
MH  - Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - Autoantibodies/blood
MH  - Biopsy
MH  - Cardiovascular Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - Diagnostic Imaging
MH  - Disease Progression
MH  - Drug Therapy, Combination
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
MH  - Myocarditis/diagnosis/drug therapy/immunology/*virology
MH  - Predictive Value of Tests
MH  - Treatment Outcome
RF  - 45
EDAT- 2009/08/12 09:00
MHDA- 2009/12/16 06:00
CRDT- 2009/08/12 09:00
PHST- 2009/03/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2009/04/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2009/04/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2009/08/12 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/08/12 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/12/16 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1875-2136(09)00168-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.acvd.2009.04.010 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2009 Jun-Jul;102(6-7):559-68. doi: 
      10.1016/j.acvd.2009.04.010. Epub 2009 Jul 31.