PMID- 19681802
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110407
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1360-0443 (Electronic)
IS  - 0965-2140 (Print)
IS  - 0965-2140 (Linking)
VI  - 104
IP  - 10
DP  - 2009 Oct
TI  - Test-re-test reliability of DSM-IV adopted criteria for 
      3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) abuse and dependence: a cross-national 
      study.
PG  - 1679-90
LID - 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02649.x [doi]
AB  - AIMS: This study evaluated the prevalence and reliability of DSM-IV adopted 
      criteria for 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) abuse and dependence with a 
      purpose to determine whether it is best conceptualized within the category of 
      hallucinogens, amphetamines or its own category. DESIGN: Test-re-test study. 
      PARTICIPANTS: MDMA users (life-time use >5 times) were recruited in St Louis, 
      Miami and Sydney (n=593). The median life-time MDMA consumption was 50 pills at 
      the baseline. MEASUREMENTS: The computerized Substance Abuse Module for Club Drug 
      (CD-SAM) was used to assess MDMA abuse and dependence. The Discrepancy Interview 
      Protocol (DIP) was used to determine the reasons for the discrepant responses 
      between the two interviews. Reliability of diagnoses, individual diagnostic 
      criteria and withdrawal symptoms was examined using the kappa coefficient (kappa). 
      findings for baseline data, 15% and 59% met MDMA abuse and dependence, 
      respectively. Substantial test-re-test reliability of the diagnoses was observed 
      consistently across cities (kappa=0.69). 'Continued use despite knowledge of 
      physical/psychological problems' (87%) and 'withdrawal' (68%) were the two most 
      prevalent dependence criteria. 'Physically hazardous use' was the most prevalent 
      abuse criterion. Six dependence criteria and all abuse criteria were reported 
      reliably across cities (kappa: 0.53-0.77). Seventeen of 19 withdrawal symptoms showed 
      consistency in the reliability across cities. The most commonly reported reason 
      for discrepant responses was 'interpretation of question changed'. Only a small 
      proportion of the total discrepancies were attributed to lying or social 
      desirability. CONCLUSION: The adopted DSM-IV diagnostic classification for MDMA 
      abuse and dependence was moderately reliable across cities. findings on MDMA 
      withdrawal support the argument that MDMA should be separated from other 
      hallucinogens in DSM.
CI  - (c) 2009 The Authors. Journal compilation (c) 2009 Society for the Study of 
      Addiction.
FAU - Cottler, Linda B
AU  - Cottler LB
AD  - Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Washington 
      University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, USA. cottler@epi.wustl.edu
FAU - Leung, Kit Sang
AU  - Leung KS
FAU - Abdallah, Arbi Ben
AU  - Abdallah AB
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 AI014584/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DA014854/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DA014854-04/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DA014854-04S1/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20090804
PL  - England
TA  - Addiction
JT  - Addiction (Abingdon, England)
JID - 9304118
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Australia/epidemiology
MH  - Diagnosis, Differential
MH  - *Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
MH  - Female
MH  - Hallucinogens/*adverse effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Internationality
MH  - Interview, Psychological
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*adverse effects
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/*classification/diagnosis/epidemiology
MH  - Substance-Related Disorders/*classification/diagnosis/epidemiology
MH  - United States/epidemiology
MH  - Urban Population
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC2891907
MID - NIHMS117138
EDAT- 2009/08/18 09:00
MHDA- 2011/04/08 06:00
PMCR- 2011/01/27
CRDT- 2009/08/18 09:00
PHST- 2009/08/18 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/08/18 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/04/08 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2011/01/27 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ADD2649 [pii]
AID - 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02649.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Addiction. 2009 Oct;104(10):1679-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02649.x. Epub 
      2009 Aug 4.