PMID- 19756221
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1550-4271 (Electronic)
IS  - 1550-4263 (Print)
IS  - 1550-4271 (Linking)
VI  - 5
IP  - 2
DP  - 2009 Apr 1
TI  - Neuroimaging of Nicotine Dependence: Key Findings and Application to the Study of 
      Smoking-Mental Illness Comorbidity.
PG  - 168-178
AB  - Modern neuroimaging techniques offer the opportunity to non-invasively study 
      neuroanatomical and neurofunctional correlates of nicotine dependence and its 
      treatment. In the present review, the most widely used neuroimaging 
      techniques-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) 
      and functional MRI (fMRI)-are briefly described and their strengths and 
      limitations discussed. The use of these techniques has resulted in new insights 
      into the neuropharmacology of tobacco addiction. Studies comparing smokers and 
      nonsmokers have shown that smokers have less grey matter density in frontal brain 
      regions and greater concentrations of nicotinic receptors. Research on the 
      effects of smoking a cigarette confirms that smoking leads to the release of 
      dopamine in brain reward areas and to nicotinic receptor binding. Studies of 
      smoking abstinence have identified functional brain correlates of increased 
      reactivity to smoking-related cues, and worsening of concentration. To date, 
      neuroimaging studies of nicotine dependence among individuals with mental illness 
      have focused almost exclusively on schizophrenia. A conceptual/methodological 
      framework for studying dual diagnosis using neuroimaging measures is provided 
      with the aim of spurring additional research in this area.
FAU - McClernon, F Joseph
AU  - McClernon FJ
AD  - Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, 
      Durham, NC.
LA  - eng
GR  - K23 DA017261/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - K23 DA017261-05/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Dual Diagn
JT  - Journal of dual diagnosis
JID - 101197457
PMC - PMC2743422
MID - NIHMS119310
EDAT- 2009/09/17 06:00
MHDA- 2009/09/17 06:01
PMCR- 2009/09/14
CRDT- 2009/09/17 06:00
PHST- 2009/09/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/09/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/09/17 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2009/09/14 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1080/15504260902869204 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Dual Diagn. 2009 Apr 1;5(2):168-178. doi: 10.1080/15504260902869204.