PMID- 19779926
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100301
LR  - 20160512
IS  - 1618-2650 (Electronic)
IS  - 1618-2642 (Linking)
VI  - 395
IP  - 7
DP  - 2009 Dec
TI  - Pesticide extraction from table grapes and plums using ionic liquid based 
      dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction.
PG  - 2387-95
LID - 10.1007/s00216-009-3133-x [doi]
AB  - Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have been used as extraction solvents in 
      dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) for the determination of eight 
      multi-class pesticides (i.e. thiophanate-methyl, carbofuran, carbaryl, 
      tebuconazole, iprodione, oxyfluorfen, hexythiazox, and fenazaquin) in table 
      grapes and plums. The developed method involves the combination of DLLME and 
      high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. Samples were 
      first homogenized and extracted with acetonitrile. After evaporation and 
      reconstitution of the extract in water containing sodium chloride, a quick DLLME 
      procedure that used the ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium 
      hexafluorophosphate ([C(6)MIM][PF(6)]) and methanol was developed. The RTIL 
      dissolved in a very small volume of acetonitrile was directed injected in the 
      chromatographic system. The comparison between the calibration curves obtained 
      from standards and from spiked sample extracts (matrix-matched calibration) 
      showed the existence of a strong matrix effect for most of the analyzed 
      pesticides. A recovery study was also developed with five consecutive extractions 
      of the two types of fruits spiked at three concentration levels. Mean recovery 
      values were in the range of 72-100% for table grapes and 66-105% for plum samples 
      (except for thiophanate-methyl and carbofuran, which were 64-75% and 58-66%, 
      respectively). Limits of detection (LODs) were in the range 0.651-5.44 microg/kg 
      for table grapes and 0.902-6.33 microg/kg for plums, representing LODs below the 
      maximum residue limits (MRLs) established by the European Union in these fruits. 
      The potential of the method was demonstrated by analyzing 12 commercial fruit 
      samples (six of each type).
FAU - Ravelo-Perez, Lidia M
AU  - Ravelo-Perez LM
AD  - Departamento de Quimica Analitica, Nutricion y Bromatologia, Facultad de Quimica, 
      Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofisico Francisco Sanchez s/n, 38206 
      La Laguna (Tenerife), Spain.
FAU - Hernandez-Borges, Javier
AU  - Hernandez-Borges J
FAU - Herrera-Herrera, Antonio V
AU  - Herrera-Herrera AV
FAU - Rodriguez-Delgado, Miguel Angel
AU  - Rodriguez-Delgado MA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20090925
PL  - Germany
TA  - Anal Bioanal Chem
JT  - Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
JID - 101134327
RN  - 0 (Ionic Liquids)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
SB  - IM
MH  - Chemical Fractionation/*methods
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
MH  - Food Analysis
MH  - Food Contamination
MH  - Ionic Liquids/*chemistry
MH  - Molecular Structure
MH  - Pesticides/*chemistry
MH  - Prunus/*chemistry
MH  - Temperature
MH  - Vitis/*chemistry
EDAT- 2009/09/26 06:00
MHDA- 2010/03/02 06:00
CRDT- 2009/09/26 06:00
PHST- 2009/07/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2009/09/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2009/09/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2009/09/26 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/09/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/03/02 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s00216-009-3133-x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Anal Bioanal Chem. 2009 Dec;395(7):2387-95. doi: 10.1007/s00216-009-3133-x. Epub 
      2009 Sep 25.