PMID- 19793024
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100115
LR  - 20190116
IS  - 1525-6014 (Electronic)
IS  - 0148-0545 (Linking)
VI  - 32
IP  - 4
DP  - 2009
TI  - Nitric oxide (NO), citrulline-NO cycle enzymes, glutamine synthetase, and 
      oxidative status in kainic acid-mediated excitotoxicity in rat brain.
PG  - 326-31
LID - 10.1080/01480540903130641 [doi]
AB  - Neuronal excitation, involving the excitatory glutamate receptors, is recognized 
      as an important underlying mechanism in neurodegenerative disorders. To 
      understand their role in excitotoxicity, the nitric oxide synthase (NOS), 
      argininosuccinate synthetase (AS), argininosuccinate lyase (AL), glutamine 
      synthetase (GS), and arginase activities, along with the concentration of 
      nitrate/nitrite, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and total 
      antioxidant status (TAS), were estimated in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and 
      brain stem of rats subjected to kainic acid-mediated excitotoxicity. The results 
      of this study clearly demonstrated the increased production of NO by increased 
      activity of NOS. The increased activities of AS and AL suggest the increased and 
      effective recycling of citrulline to arginine in excitotoxicity, making NO 
      production more effective and contributing to its toxic effects. The decreased 
      activity of GS may favor the prolonged availability of glutamic acid, causing 
      excitotoxicity, leading to neuronal damage. The increased formation of TBARS and 
      decreased TAS indicate the presence of oxidative stress in excitotoxicity.
FAU - Swamy, Mummedy
AU  - Swamy M
AD  - Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains 
      Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. mswamy@kb.usm.my
FAU - Sirajudeen, Kuttulebbai N S
AU  - Sirajudeen KN
FAU - Chandran, Govindasamy
AU  - Chandran G
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Drug Chem Toxicol
JT  - Drug and chemical toxicology
JID - 7801723
RN  - 0 (Nitrates)
RN  - 0 (Nitrites)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 29VT07BGDA (Citrulline)
RN  - 30KYC7MIAI (Aspartic Acid)
RN  - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide)
RN  - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase)
RN  - EC 6.3.1.2 (Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase)
RN  - SIV03811UC (Kainic Acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Aspartic Acid
MH  - Brain/*drug effects/enzymology/metabolism
MH  - Citrulline/*metabolism
MH  - Endothelium, Vascular
MH  - Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase/*metabolism
MH  - *Kainic Acid
MH  - Muscle Relaxation
MH  - Neurons/*drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Nitrates/metabolism
MH  - Nitric Oxide/*metabolism
MH  - Nitric Oxide Synthase/*metabolism
MH  - Nitrites/metabolism
MH  - RNA, Messenger/metabolism
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
EDAT- 2009/10/02 06:00
MHDA- 2010/01/16 06:00
CRDT- 2009/10/02 06:00
PHST- 2009/10/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/10/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/01/16 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1080/01480540903130641 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Drug Chem Toxicol. 2009;32(4):326-31. doi: 10.1080/01480540903130641.