PMID- 19804537
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110815
LR  - 20181201
IS  - 1365-2672 (Electronic)
IS  - 1364-5072 (Linking)
VI  - 108
IP  - 4
DP  - 2010 Apr
TI  - Survival and gene expression of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli during long-term 
      incubation in sea water and freshwater.
PG  - 1441-9
LID - 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04548.x [doi]
AB  - AIMS: In this study, the main objective was to verify the hypothesis of induction 
      of 'viable but non-culturable' (VBNC) forms of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli 
      (ETEC) during incubation in water. METHODS AND RESULTS: Six clinically isolated 
      ETEC strains were studied. Viable counts showed culturable ETEC bacteria for up 
      to 3 months in freshwater but only two out of six strains were culturable in 
      seawater at this time point. Although the bacterial cells remained intact, no 
      production or secretion of heat-labile (LT) or heat-stable (ST) enterotoxins was 
      observed using GM1-ELISA methods. However, genes encoding ETEC toxins (STh and 
      LT), colonization factors (CS7 and CS17), gapA and 16S RNA were expressed during 
      3 months in both sea water and freshwater microcosms as determined by real-time 
      RT-PCR on cDNA derived from the bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: Clinically isolated ETEC 
      strains can survive for long periods in both sea water and freshwater. The 
      bacterial cells remain intact, and the gene expression of virulence genes and 
      genes involved in metabolic pathways are detected after 3 months. SIGNIFICANCE 
      AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: These results indicate that ETEC bacteria can enter a 
      VBNC state during stressful conditions and suggest that ETEC has the potential to 
      be infectious after long-term incubation in water.
FAU - Lothigius, A
AU  - Lothigius A
AD  - WHO Collaborating Centre for Research on Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), 
      and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, 
      University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. asa.lothigius@microbio.gu.se
FAU - Sjoling, A
AU  - Sjoling A
FAU - Svennerholm, A-M
AU  - Svennerholm AM
FAU - Bolin, I
AU  - Bolin I
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20091005
PL  - England
TA  - J Appl Microbiol
JT  - Journal of applied microbiology
JID - 9706280
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Enterotoxins)
RN  - EC 3.1.1.- (Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases)
RN  - EC 3.1.1.- (EstA protein, bacteria)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bacterial Load
MH  - Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli/genetics/metabolism/*physiology/ultrastructure
MH  - Enterotoxins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Fresh Water/*microbiology
MH  - *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
MH  - Genes, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - *Microbial Viability
MH  - Seawater/*microbiology
EDAT- 2009/10/07 06:00
MHDA- 2011/08/16 06:00
CRDT- 2009/10/07 06:00
PHST- 2009/10/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/10/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/08/16 06:00 [medline]
AID - JAM4548 [pii]
AID - 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04548.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Appl Microbiol. 2010 Apr;108(4):1441-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04548.x. 
      Epub 2009 Oct 5.