PMID- 19807755
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20091221
LR  - 20220811
IS  - 1524-4725 (Electronic)
IS  - 1076-0512 (Linking)
VI  - 35 Suppl 2
DP  - 2009 Oct
TI  - Host tissue interaction, fate, and risks of degradable and nondegradable gel 
      fillers.
PG  - 1612-9
LID - 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2009.01338.x [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: A constantly increasing number of gel fillers for aesthetic and 
      reconstructive purposes have been introduced during the last 20 years. Most of 
      the new ones are modified versions of the original collagen and hyaluronic acid 
      gels. They have been reconstructed, often by adding cross-bindings to the polymer 
      in order to obtain a more dense molecular structure, which will prolong 
      degradation and filling effect of the gel. Other gel fillers contain particles of 
      organic (poly-lactic acid) or inorganic (calcium hydroxylapatite) material, which 
      have been used in human tissue for other purposes (degradable suture material and 
      bone cement, respectively). The permanent fillers (silicone oil and 
      polyacrylamide gel) have been used for many years, silicone mainly in the US and 
      polyacrylamide gel in most countries outside the US and Canada. OBJECTIVE: 
      Complications occur, and they appear to be more frequent with particulated 
      fillers, polyacrylamide gel and silicone oil. However, these complications differ 
      in nature and depend on the filler type used. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This 
      overview presents the different gel filler types, how they interact with host 
      tissue, and what can go wrong. The results and conclusion are based on 
      experimental and clinical observations coupled with a search of the literature. 
      RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Complications following homogenous hydrogels are caused 
      by infection with bacteria, which have been inserted into the gel during 
      injection. If not treated with relevant antibiotics (but instead steroids or 
      large doses of NSAIDs) the bacteria form a biofilm, which gives rise to a 
      low-grade chronic infection that is resistant to antibiotics. Complications 
      following particulated gels and silicone oil are not known, but bacteria in a 
      biofilm and/or endotoxins released by these is a possibility which deserves 
      further investigations, primarily by using the fluorescence in situ hybridization 
      (FISH) technique.
FAU - Christensen, Lise Hanne
AU  - Christensen LH
AD  - Department of Pathology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University Hospital, Copenhagen, 
      Denmark. lc24@bbh.regionh.dk
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Dermatol Surg
JT  - Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic 
      Surgery [et al.]
JID - 9504371
RN  - 0 (Acrylic Resins)
RN  - 0 (Biocompatible Materials)
RN  - 0 (Dermatologic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Gels)
RN  - 0 (Hydrogels)
RN  - 0 (Polymers)
RN  - 0 (Silicone Gels)
RN  - 9003-05-8 (polyacrylamide)
RN  - 9004-61-9 (Hyaluronic Acid)
RN  - 9007-34-5 (Collagen)
RN  - 9012-36-6 (Sepharose)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acrylic Resins/administration & dosage
MH  - Biocompatible Materials/*administration & dosage/adverse 
      effects/chemistry/classification
MH  - Collagen/administration & dosage
MH  - *Cosmetic Techniques
MH  - Dermatologic Agents/*administration & dosage/adverse 
      effects/chemistry/classification
MH  - Evidence-Based Medicine
MH  - Face
MH  - Gels/*administration & dosage/adverse effects/chemistry/classification
MH  - Granuloma, Foreign-Body/*chemically induced/prevention & control
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hyaluronic Acid/administration & dosage
MH  - Hydrogels/administration & dosage
MH  - Injections/adverse effects/methods
MH  - Polymers/administration & dosage
MH  - *Rejuvenation
MH  - Sepharose/administration & dosage
MH  - Silicone Gels/administration & dosage
MH  - Skin Aging/*drug effects
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Treatment Outcome
RF  - 35
EDAT- 2009/11/18 06:00
MHDA- 2009/12/22 06:00
CRDT- 2009/10/08 06:00
PHST- 2009/10/08 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/11/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/12/22 06:00 [medline]
AID - DSU1338 [pii]
AID - 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2009.01338.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Dermatol Surg. 2009 Oct;35 Suppl 2:1612-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2009.01338.x.