PMID- 19817644
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100204
LR  - 20211203
IS  - 1437-4331 (Electronic)
IS  - 1434-6621 (Linking)
VI  - 47
IP  - 11
DP  - 2009
TI  - Molecular diagnostics in acute leukemias.
PG  - 1333-41
LID - 10.1515/CCLM.2009.324 [doi]
AB  - Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) both 
      represent highly heterogeneous entities on the basis of diverse cyto- and 
      molecular genetic alterations with considerable influence on prognosis and 
      therapeutic decisions. In recent years, insights into the complex network of 
      molecular markers underlying this diversity have shown marked progress due to the 
      detection of novel mutations, such as nucleophosmin gene (NPM1) in AML, and due 
      to the description of cooperation pathways in leukemogenesis. Also, targeted 
      therapeutic strategies are continuously expanding as illustrated by the tyrosine 
      kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib for BCR-ABL positive ALL. Thus, molecular 
      analysis based on various techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has 
      become an essential part of the diagnostic panel for acute leukemia. In addition, 
      cytomorphology, cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and 
      immunophenotyping with multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) need to be applied for 
      diagnosis. During the course of disease, the residual leukemic cell load can be 
      monitored by highly sensitive quantitative PCR techniques ("real-time PCR"). At 
      present, new techniques, such as high throughput sequencing (next generation 
      sequencing, NGS) or gene expression profiling with microarrays are being explored 
      for use in hematological malignancies, and are being evaluated in preclinical 
      studies. This demonstrates that molecular diagnostics for acute leukemias are in 
      continuous development. This review summarizes the most important recurrent 
      molecular markers seen in acute leukemias, their role in prognosis and therapy 
      and provides an overview on the relevant PCR techniques.
FAU - Bacher, Ulrike
AU  - Bacher U
AD  - Interdisciplinary Clinic for Stem Cell Transplantation, University Cancer Center 
      Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
FAU - Schnittger, Susanne
AU  - Schnittger S
FAU - Haferlach, Claudia
AU  - Haferlach C
FAU - Haferlach, Torsten
AU  - Haferlach T
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - Germany
TA  - Clin Chem Lab Med
JT  - Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine
JID - 9806306
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers, Tumor)
RN  - 0 (NPM1 protein, human)
RN  - 117896-08-9 (Nucleophosmin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/*diagnosis
MH  - *Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
MH  - Nucleophosmin
MH  - Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/*diagnosis
RF  - 78
EDAT- 2009/10/13 06:00
MHDA- 2010/02/05 06:00
CRDT- 2009/10/13 06:00
PHST- 2009/10/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/10/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/02/05 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1515/CCLM.2009.324 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Chem Lab Med. 2009;47(11):1333-41. doi: 10.1515/CCLM.2009.324.