PMID- 19874650
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100105
LR  - 20211028
IS  - 1945-2403 (Electronic)
IS  - 0146-4760 (Print)
IS  - 0146-4760 (Linking)
VI  - 33
IP  - 8
DP  - 2009 Oct
TI  - Urinary MDMA, MDA, HMMA, and HMA excretion following controlled MDMA 
      administration to humans.
PG  - 439-46
AB  - 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), or ecstasy, is excreted as unchanged 
      drug, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), and free and glucuronidated/sulfated 
      4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyamphetamine 
      (HMA) metabolites. The aim of this paper is to describe the pattern and timeframe 
      of excretion of MDMA and its metabolites in urine. Placebo, 1.0 mg/kg, and 1.6 
      mg/kg oral MDMA doses were administered double-blind to healthy adult MDMA users 
      on a monitored research unit. All urine was collected, aliquots were hydrolyzed, 
      and analytes quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Median C(max), 
      T(max), ratios, first and last detection times, and detection rates were 
      determined. Sixteen participants provided 916 urine specimens. After 1.6 mg/kg, 
      median C(max) were 21,470 (MDMA), 2229 (MDA), 20,793 (HMMA), and 876 ng/mL (HMA) 
      at median T(max) of 13.9, 23.0, 9.2 and 23.3 h. In the first 24 h, 30.2-34.3% 
      total urinary excretion occurred. HMMA last detection exceeded MDMA's by more 
      than 33 h after both doses. Identification of HMMA as well as MDMA increased the 
      ability to identify positive specimens but required hydrolysis. These MDMA, MDA, 
      HMMA, and HMA pharmacokinetic data may be useful for interpreting workplace, drug 
      treatment, criminal justice, and military urine drug tests. Measurement of 
      urinary HMMA provides the longest detection of MDMA exposure yet is not included 
      in routine monitoring procedures.
FAU - Abraham, Tsadik T
AU  - Abraham TT
AD  - Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on 
      Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
FAU - Barnes, Allan J
AU  - Barnes AJ
FAU - Lowe, Ross H
AU  - Lowe RH
FAU - Kolbrich Spargo, Erin A
AU  - Kolbrich Spargo EA
FAU - Milman, Garry
AU  - Milman G
FAU - Pirnay, Stephane O
AU  - Pirnay SO
FAU - Gorelick, David A
AU  - Gorelick DA
FAU - Goodwin, Robert S
AU  - Goodwin RS
FAU - Huestis, Marilyn A
AU  - Huestis MA
LA  - eng
GR  - ZIA DA000468-07/ImNIH/Intramural NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
PL  - England
TA  - J Anal Toxicol
JT  - Journal of analytical toxicology
JID - 7705085
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - 117652-28-5 (4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine)
RN  - 44RAL3456C (Methamphetamine)
RN  - 4764-17-4 (3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
RN  - ML1I4KK67B (3,4-methylenedioxyethamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine/*analogs & derivatives/*urine
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Female
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
MH  - *Hallucinogens/pharmacokinetics/urine
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Methamphetamine/*analogs & derivatives/urine
MH  - *N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/analogs & 
      derivatives/pharmacokinetics/urine
MH  - Substance Abuse Detection/methods
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC3159864
MID - NIHMS316982
EDAT- 2009/10/31 06:00
MHDA- 2010/01/06 06:00
PMCR- 2011/08/23
CRDT- 2009/10/31 06:00
PHST- 2009/10/31 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/10/31 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/01/06 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2011/08/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1093/jat/33.8.439 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Anal Toxicol. 2009 Oct;33(8):439-46. doi: 10.1093/jat/33.8.439.