PMID- 19882200
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100623
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1476-3524 (Electronic)
IS  - 1029-8428 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 4
DP  - 2010 May
TI  - Caffeine enhances astroglia and microglia reactivity induced by 
      3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ('ecstasy') in mouse brain.
PG  - 435-9
LID - 10.1007/s12640-009-9125-y [doi]
AB  - Several reports suggest that 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) induces 
      neurotoxic effects and gliosis. Since recreational use of MDMA is often 
      associated with caffeinated beverages, we investigated whether caffeine 
      interferes with MDMA-induced astroglia and microglia activation, thus 
      facilitating its neurotoxicity. MDMA (4 x 20 mg/kg) was acutely administered to 
      mice alone or in combination with caffeine (10 mg/kg). CD11b and GFAP 
      immunoreactivity were evaluated as markers of microglia and astroglia activation 
      in the substantia nigra pars-compacta (SNc) and striatum. MDMA was associated 
      with significantly higher CD11b and GFAP immunoreactivity in striatum, whereas 
      only CD11b was significantly higher than vehicle in SNc. Caffeine potentiated the 
      increase in CD11b and GFAP in the striatum but not in the SNc of MDMA-treated 
      mice. The abuse of MDMA is a growing worldwide problem; the results of this study 
      suggest that combination of MDMA plus caffeine by increasing glial activation 
      might have harmful health consequences.
FAU - Khairnar, Amit
AU  - Khairnar A
AD  - Department of Toxicology, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 
      Cagliari, Italy.
FAU - Plumitallo, Antonio
AU  - Plumitallo A
FAU - Frau, Lucia
AU  - Frau L
FAU - Schintu, Nicoletta
AU  - Schintu N
FAU - Morelli, Micaela
AU  - Morelli M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20091031
PL  - United States
TA  - Neurotox Res
JT  - Neurotoxicity research
JID - 100929017
RN  - 0 (CD11b Antigen)
RN  - 0 (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein)
RN  - 0 (Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors)
RN  - 3G6A5W338E (Caffeine)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Astrocytes/*drug effects
MH  - Brain/*cytology/*drug effects
MH  - CD11b Antigen/metabolism
MH  - Caffeine/*pharmacology
MH  - Drug Interactions
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
MH  - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Microglia/*drug effects
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*toxicity
MH  - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/*pharmacology
EDAT- 2009/11/03 06:00
MHDA- 2010/06/24 06:00
CRDT- 2009/11/03 06:00
PHST- 2009/09/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2009/10/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2009/10/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2009/11/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/11/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/06/24 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s12640-009-9125-y [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neurotox Res. 2010 May;17(4):435-9. doi: 10.1007/s12640-009-9125-y. Epub 2009 Oct 
      31.